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Pharmacology > Antimicrobial Therapy Introduction > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Therapy Introduction Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

High molecular weight proteins and peptides have to be administer from which route

A

Intravenous

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2
Q

Which route enables fast absorption for all solutions

A

IV

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3
Q

Which route is not suitable for big volume injections

A

Subcutaneous

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4
Q

Which substances should not be given by Subcutaneous route

A

Irritant substances
Cytotoxic drugs

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5
Q

Subcutaneous route enables fast and slow absorption for which solutions

A

Fast= aqueous
Slow= poorly soluble

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6
Q

Intramuscular route enables fast and slow absorption for which solutions

A

Fast= aqueous solutions
Slow and consistent= depot solutions

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7
Q

When Intramuscular route should be avoided

A

In patients with anticoagulant use

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8
Q

Which route is the most convenient,safe and economic

A

Oral

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9
Q

Most common drugs whose initial symptoms begin after more than 4 hours

A

Acetaminophen
Aspirin

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10
Q

Classification of untoward drug reactions

A

Desirable (therapeutic)
Undesirable —> Non-deleterious and Deleterious
Deleterious—> Pharmacological, Pathological,Genotoxic

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11
Q

Pharmacological Toxicity

A

Dose dependent effects of a drug over certain functions

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12
Q

Pathological Toxicity

A

Drug induced pathological tissue damage that is generally associated with high doses
When Necrosis or cell death happens

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13
Q

Genotoxicity

A

Situations in which drugs cause DNA damage

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14
Q

Dose independent reactions

A

Allergic reactions
Idiosyncratic reactions

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15
Q

Type of allergic drug reactions

A

Anaphylactic reactions —humoral
Cytolitic reactions —humoral
Arthus reactions —humoral
Delayed hypersensitivity —cellular

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16
Q

Anaphylactic reactions caused by

A

The release of high concentration of histamine, prostaglandins, Leukotrienes

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17
Q

Anaphylactic reactions mediated by

A

IgE

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18
Q

Anaphylactic reactions causes

A

Vasodilation
Hypotension
Edema
Inflammatory response

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19
Q

Which allergic reaction is the Fastest allergic response

A

Anaphylactic reactions

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20
Q

Cytolitic reactions caused by

A

Direct toxicity of ab for a certain ag in host tissues following ab tissue binding

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21
Q

Targets of Cytolitic reactions

A

Constituents of haematological system

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22
Q

Arthus reactions caused by

A

Precipitated ag-ab complexes

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23
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity caused by

A

Cellular immune system components like macrophages and T cells

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24
Q

Drug Investigation phases are composed of?

A

Phase 0—> preclinic
Phase 1—> healthy volunteers
Phase 2—> volunteer patients
Phase 3—> control groups
Phase 4—> post marketing

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25
Toxidrome
Syndrome that is the constellation of signs and symptoms following intoxication of a substance
26
Why is Therapeutic index is important
For safety
27
Minimal inhibitory concentration
Minimum concentration of drug to inhibit visible growth of microorganisms in the culture Important in deciding whether the microorganism is susceptible or resistant to the drug tested.
28
Types of Antimicrobial therapy
Prophylaxis Pre-emotive Empiric Definitive Suppressive
29
Prophylactic treatment
Done before the infection for prevention Vaccination
30
Pre-emptive treatment
There is infection but in incubation period No symptoms
31
Curative treatment
Empiric= ın the absence of complete or perfect info Definitive= after the knowledge of the microbe Symptoms are seen
32
Suppressive treatment
Taking daily treatment after the acknowledgment of the infection and the microorganism
33
Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase done by which drugs
Acyclovir Vidarabine Foscarnet Ganciclovir
34
Influenza complete its replication at
Host cell nucleus **exception, others complete it at the cytoplasm
35
Nucleoside analogues that need viral enzyme for activation
Acyclovir Valacyclovir Ganciclovir Valganciclovir
36
Nucleoside analogues that does not need viral enzyme for activation
Cidofovir
37
Which nucleoside analogue does not need viral enzyme for activation
Cidofovir
38
Non-nucleoside analogues drugs that does not need viral enzyme for activation
Foscarnet
39
Role of Hemagglutinin and Neuroaminidase in İnfluenza replication
Hemagglutinin in uncoating M2, binding to cell surface Neuroaminidase in release from the cel
40
Anti influenza agents
Amantadin Rimantadin Oseltamivir
41
Viral target for amantidin
Influenza M protein
42
Viral target for Rimantadin
Influenza M protein
43
Viral target for Oseltamivir
Neuraminidase
44
Drugs that used mainly for Hepatitis C
Sofosbuvir ** Velpatasvir Voxilaprevir
45
Pregnant women should nor directly care for patients receiving which drugs aerosol
Ribavirin
46
Antiretroviral agents that can be used in HBV treatment?
Lamivudin Tenofovir
47
Guanosin analogue that used in HBV ?
Entecavir
48
Adenosin monophosphate analogue that only for HBV
Adefovir
49
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Antitertoviral therapy
Zidovudine Didanosine Stavudine Zalcitabine Lamivudine* Tenofovir* Emtricitabine Abacavir *
50
Thymidine analogues
Zidovudine Stavudine
51
Adenosine analogue
Didanosine
52
Cytidine analogue
Zalcitabine
53
Adenosine monophosphate analogue
Tenofovir —Antiretroviral therapy Adefovir— HBV
54
Non-Nucleosid Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nevirapine Efavirenz — not in pregnancy Delavirdine Etravirdine
55
Protease inhibitors
Saquinavir Indianavir Ritonavir Nelfinavir Amprenavir Lopinavir Atazanavir Fosamprenavir Tipranavir Darunavir
56
Entry inhibitors
Enfuvirtide Maraviroc
57
Integrase inhibitor
Raltegravir
58
HCV drugs
Sofosbuvir Ledipasvir Daclatasvir Simeprevir Velpatasvir Grazoprevir
59
Drugs that used in Amebiasis for amoebic colitis and liver abscess
Metronidazole — Tinidazole — Together with paromomycin
60
Drugs that used for Giardiasis
Metronidazole Tinidazole Paromomycin Nitazoxanide
61
Drugs that used for Cryptosporoidiosis
Nitazoxamide —safer for pregnants
62
Drugs for Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole Tinidazole
63
Drugs that used for T.Brucei gambiense
Pentamidine For late stage—> NECT
64
Drugs that used for T.Brucei Rhosesiense
Suramine For late stage—> Melarsoprol
65
Leishmaniasis
Visceral = Pentavalent Antimony compounds, Amphotericin B, Miltefosine Cutaneous= Pentavalent Antimony compounds, Amphotericin B,Miltefosine
66
Metronidazole
Trichomoiniasis Amebiasis Giardiasis
67
Paromomycin (AMİNOGLYCODİDE)
E.Histolytica
68
Nitazoxanide
Cryptosporoidosis Giardiasis Ascaris Lumbricoides Enterobius Vermicularis Trichuris trichura Hymenolepis nana
69
Sodium Stibogliconate
Leishmaniasis
70
Amphotericin B
Leishmania
71
Miltefosine
Leishmaniasis CAN NOT USED IN PREGNANT
72
Pentamidine
T.Brucei Gambiense — early stage
73
Suramin
T.Brucei Rhodesiense — early stage
74
Benznidazole
Chagas’ disease — T.Cruzei
75
Nifurtimox
Chagas’ disease— T.cruzei With NECT— late stages of T.Brucei gambiense
76
Eflornithine
With NECT — early and late stages of T.Brucei gambiense
77
Melarsoprol
Late stages of T.Brucei rhodesiense
78
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Benzimidazoles
79
Toxocara canis
Benzamidazole
80
Necator americanus Ancylostoma duedonale
Benzimadazoles
81
Trichuris trichuria
Benzimidazoles
82
Stronglyloides Stercoralis
Ivermectin
83
Enterobius Vermicularis
Benzimadazoles Pyrantel pamoate
84
Trichinella Spiralis
Benzimidazoles
85
Wucheria Bancrofti Brugia malai Brugia Timori
Benzimidazoles Diethylcarbamate
86
Loa loa
Diethylcarbamate
87
Onchocerca Volvulus
Ivermectin
88
Dracunculus Medinensis
No effective treatment Metronidazole may provide symptomatic and functional benefit
89
Taenia Saginata
Praziquantel Niclosamide
90
Taenia Solium
Albendazole
91
Diphyllobotrium Latum
Praziquantel
92
Hymenolepis nana
Praziquantel
93
Echinococcus sp.
Albendazole
94
Schistosoma Haematobium Schistosoma Mansoni Schistosoma Japonicum
Praziquantel
95
Paragonimus westermani
Praziquantel Triclobendazole
96
Clanorchis Sinensis Opisthorchis Viverrni Opisthorchis felineus
Praziquantel
97
Fasciola hepatica
Triclabendazole
98
Fasciolopsis Burki Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Nanophyetus salmincola
Praziquantel
99
Albendazole
Monitor for liver and hematologic toxicity in the long term
100
Viral spectrum for acyclovir
HSV VZ
101
Viral spectrum for Valacyclovir
HSV VZ
102
Viral spectrum for Ganciclovir
CMV
103
Viral spectrum for valganciclovir
CMV
104
Inhibitor of viral DNA synthesis is
Acyclovir

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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