Antimicrobials Flashcards
Bacteria comes in 3 shapes and sizes what are they
Cocci - Round and spherical
Bacilli - Rod shaped
Spiral Shaped - unmentionable diseases
How many groups of bacteria are there
Four
Gram +ve thick outer cell wall
Gram - ve thin cell wall, difficult to treat
Anaerobes
Atypical
What is Gram +ve bacteria
Thick peptidoglycan cell wall retains primary strain
Not difficult to treat
Staphyloccus and strep
What is gram -ve bacteria
Thin cell wall- difficult to treat
does not retain its colour
can change genetic making every 20mins making it resistant
Salmonella, klebsiella, pneudomonas
How many bacterial general classes are there
Three
Class1 - utilises glucose to generate energy ATP, small simple molecules
class 2 - utilises ATP to make small molecules e.g. amino acids - builds up
Class 3 - Assembles small molecules into big
What is Folate
An amino acid required for growth
Humans do not make Folate - supplement
Bacteria makes Folate
What is Bacteriostatic
Halts replication, but does not kill the bacteria, own immune system should do this
Tetracyclines- chloraphenicol
What is Bactericidal
Kills and ruptures
Gentamicin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria spread three ways, what are they
Transfers between people
Genetic mechanisms
Biochemical mechanisms
What is a genetic mechanism
Genetic share chromosomes - dirty
1, transformation - people to people
2, conjugation- bacteria fuse + share material
3, transduction - viruses pick up resistant genes from bacteria and attaches to another cell.
There are a number of ways to stop rate pf development of resistance, what are they
infection control, correct bacterial diagnosis, antibiotic stewardship
Before you prescribe an ABX what should you check
is it needed, right does, right drug
Take a sample
check for contraindications
risk assess to see if patient is resistant
When would you use a broad spectrum ABX
MC+S result
advice from microbiologist
Failure of narrow spectrum ABX
