Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pre reg pharmacy > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Human and animal bite antibiotics

A

First line - co-amoxiclav
Second line -doxycycline and metronidazole
3 days prophylaxis/ 5 days treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lymes disease antibiotics

A

First line - doxycycline
Second line - amoxicillin
Treat for 21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mild diabetic foot antibiotics

A

First line - flucloxacillin
Second line - clarithromycin/ erythromycin/ doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moderate to severe diabetic foot antibiotics

A

First line - flucloxacillin/ co-amoxiclav +/ gentamicin
Second line - co-trimoxzole +/ gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cellulitis antibiotics

A

First line - flucloxacillin
Second line - clarithromycin/ erythromycin/ doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cellulitis near nose/mouth antibiotic

A

First line - co-amoxiclav
Second line - clarithromycin and metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of low severity community acquired pneumonia

A

First line - amoxicillin
Second line - doxycycline / clarithromycin/ erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment of moderate severity community acquired pneumonia

A

First line - amoxicillin and clarithromycin (erythromycin in pregnancy)
Second line - doxycycline/ clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of high severity community aqired pneumonia

A

First line - co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin (erythromycin in pregnancy)
Second line - levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antibiotic treatment of C.diff

A

First line - Vaancomycin
Second line - Findamoxacin
Life threatening - vancomycin and IV metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of travellers diarrhoea

A

Standby - azithromycin
Prophylaxis/treatment - bismuth subsalicylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of otitis media

A

First line - amoxicillin
Second line (worsen in 2-3 days despite treatment) - co-amoxiclav
Alternative in penicillin allergy - clarithromycin / erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of otitis externa

A

First line - acetic acid 2%
Second line - neomycin sulphate with corticosteroid
Systemic treatment - flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of H.pylori

A

Triple therapy - PPI + 2x antibiotics
Amoxicillin/metronidazole/ clarithromycin
Include amoxicillin unless penicillin allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnosis of H.pylori

A

Urea 13c breath test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urea breath test period between PPI and Abx

A

2 weeks after PPI
4 weeks after Abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of non-severe hospital acquired pneumonia

A

First line - co-amoxiclav
Second line - Doxycycline / cefalexin/ co-trimoxazole/ levofoxacin
Second line in children - clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of localised non-bollous impetigo

A

First line - hydrogen peroxide 1%
Second line - fucidic acid (mupirocin 2% if FA resistance suspected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of wide spread non-bollous impetigo

A

Fucidic acid (mupirocin 2% if FA resistance suspected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment of bollouse/systematic unwell impetigo

A

First line - flucloxacillin
Second line. - clarithromycin / erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of UTI in men

A

Nitrofurantoin/ trimethoprim
7 DAYS TREATMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment of UTI in non-pregnant women

A

First line - nitrofurantoin/ trimethoprim
Second line - pivmecillin/ fosfomycin
3 DAYS UNCOMPLICATED/ 7 DAYS COMPLICATED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of UTI in pregnant women

A

First line - nitrofurantoin only if eGFR >45ml/min
Second line - cefalexin/fosfomycin
7 DAYS TREATMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment of Strep infection (strep throat/ scarlet fever)

A

First line - phenoxymethylpenicillin
Second line - clarithromycin / erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever

A

Flu symptoms - high temp, swollen glands
Rash - red, small raised pimples, sandpaper
White coating on tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treatment of acne vulgaris

A

Adapalene/ clarithromycin/ benzoyl peroxide/ lymecycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment of BV and Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treatment of chlamydia

A

Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Treatment of conjunctivitis / blepharitis

A

Chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Treatment of dental abscess

A

Amoxicillin/ metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Treatment of gonorrhoea

A

Ceftriaxone/ ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Treatment of meningitis

A

Benzylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

Permethrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Treatment of sinusitis

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin / doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Treatment of threadworm

A

Mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When to measure serum - conc of gentamicin

A

After 3/4 doses, then every 3 days and after dose changes
Measure 1 hour AFTER dose and just before next dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Co prescribed gentamicin serum concentration levels

A

Peak 5-10mg/L (3-5mg/L in endocarditis)
Trough <2mg/L (<1mg/L in endocarditis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Dose Adjustments for gentamicin (trough / peak high and impairments)

A

Trough to high - increase dose interval
Peak to high - decrease dose
Renal impairment - increase dose interval
Severe renal impairment - increase dose interval and decrease dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Aminoglyciosides MHRA warning

A

Ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Interactions that increase ototoxicity

A

Ciplatin, loop diuretics, vancomycin, vinca alkaloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Aminoglycoside contraindications

A

Myasthenia gravies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Aminoglycosides in pregnancy

A

Avoid - risk to auditory/vestibular nerve damage
Monitor serum conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Aminoglycosides in obesity

A

Use IBW to calculate parenteral dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

FIRST GEN cephlosporins (FAD/FAL/FRAD)

A

Cefadroxil, Cefalexin , Cefradine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

SECOND GEN cephalosporins (FURRY FOX FACE)

A

Cefurozime, Cefoxitin, cefaclor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

THIRD AND FIFTH GEN cephalosporins

A

All parenteral except Cefixime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Drug class with penicillin cross sensitivity

A

Cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Chloramphenicol in preganancy

A

Avoid - grey baby syndrome if used in third trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Antibiotic associated with colitis + c.diff

A

Clindamycin - discontinue is suspected / seek specialist advice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

5 Aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

4 glycopeptides

A

Dalbavancin, Teicoplanin, Telavancin, vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Vancomycin route of administration

A

Parenteral - reduced absorption with oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Vancomycin serum concentration trough level

A

15-20mg/L

54
Q

Vancomycin side effects

A

Red man syndrome
Severe cutaneous ADR - Steven Johnson syndrome
Blood dyscrasia
Cardiogenic shock on rapid Iv
Risk of anaphylactoid

55
Q

Linezolid risks

A

Severe optic neuropathy - report visual impairment, monitor regularly if treatment > 28 days
Risk of blood disorders - monitor FBC weekly, regularly if treatment > 10-14 days

56
Q

Linezolid interactions

A

Tyramine rich foods
Serotonin syndrome

57
Q

3 Macrolides

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

58
Q

Cautions with macrolide use

A

Patients with myasthenia gravis
AVOID clarithromycin in first trimester of pregnancy

59
Q

Macrolide side effects

A

Hepatotoxicity
Ototoxicity - hearing loss in larger doses
High level GI disturbance
QT prolongation

60
Q

Macrolide interactions

A

Macrolides are CYP enzyme inhibitors
Statins - increased risk of myopathy
Warfarin - increased risk of bleeding
Hypokalaemia - loop/thiazide diuretics, steroids, salbutamol, theophylline
Increase risk of QT prolongation - Amidodarone, domperidone, fluconazole, lithium, methadone, ondansetron

61
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

Taste disturbance - metalic, furred tongue
Nausea and vomiting - take WITH/AFTER food

62
Q

Metronidazole interactions

A

Alcohol - disulfiram like side effects (nausea , vomiting, flushing)
AVOID TILL 2 DAYS AFTER

63
Q

Nitrofurantoin side effects

A

Yellow/brown wee

64
Q

Nitrofurantoin Administration

A

With/After food

65
Q

When to avoid nitrofurantoin

A

EGFR <45ml/min
Pregnancy at term

66
Q

2 narrow spec penicillins

A

Benzylpenicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin

67
Q

3 Broad spec penicillins

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav

68
Q

Penicillinase resistant antibiotic

A

Flucloxacillin

69
Q

Broad and narrow spec penicillin side effects

A

Diarrhoea - most common in broad spec
Maculopapular rash - common in glandular fever

70
Q

Flucloxacillin administrations

A

Take on an empty stomach - 1hr before or 2hrs after food

71
Q

Flucloxacillin side effects

A

Cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis - up to 2 months after treatment

72
Q

5 quinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin, delafloxacin, levofloxacin, maxifloxacin, oflofloxacin

73
Q

Quinolone cautions

A

Lower seizure threshold - avoid in epilepsy
Psychiatric disorders
Tendon disorders

74
Q

Quinolone counselling

A

Reduce sunlight / uv
May impair driving

75
Q

3 quinolone safety points

A

Tendinitis - more common in over 60s - stop and seek medical attention if suspected
Aortic aneurysm and dissection - report severe abdominal/back pain
Heart valve regurgitation - specialist attention if short breath, heart palpitations

76
Q

Quinolone interactions

A

Dairy and mineral fortified foods
Drugs that cause QT prolongation
Drugs that reduce seizure threshold

77
Q

Tetracycline administration

A

No milk, indigestion remedies, med containing zinc/iron 2hrs before/after meds

78
Q

3 tetracyclines can have milk

A

Doxycycline, lymecycline, minocyclinr

79
Q

Tetracycline side effects

A

Benign intracranial hypertension - stop and report headache, visual disturbance
Lupus-erythematosus like syndrome and irreversible pigmentation - higher risk in minocycline
Teeth discolour/bone deposits - avoid <12wks pregnancy

80
Q

Trimethoprim side effects

A

Blood dyscrasia

81
Q

Symptoms of blood dyscrasia

A

Fever, sore throat, rash, mouth ulcer, bruising, bleeding

82
Q

Trimethoprim in pregnancy

A

Teratogenic in first trimester - avoid in pregnancy

83
Q

Trimethoprim interactions

A

Methotrexate
Phenytoin

84
Q

Which antibiotic is an anti folate

A

Trimethoprim

85
Q

Narrow spec antibiotic 5 pg tlc

A

Penicillins, gycopeptides, trimethoprim, Linezolid, clindamycin

86
Q

Broad spec antibiotics CAPTN MCQ

A

Chloramphenicol, Aminoglycosides, penicillins, tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin, macrolides,cephalosporins , quinolones

87
Q

Anaerobic antibiotics

A

Metronidazole

88
Q

Antibiotics to be taken with or after food 4

A

Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Clarithromycin mr
Pivmecillin

89
Q

Antibiotic to be take 1hr before/ 2hrs after food 4

A

Flucloxacillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Azithromycin (NOT tab/liq)
Tetracycline/oxytetracycline

90
Q

Antibiotics to be used in caution in myasthenia gravis 4

A

Quinolones
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

91
Q

Antibiotics that are hepatotoxic 7

A

Macrolides
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav
Chloramphenicol
Nitrofurantoin
Tetracyclines
Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide

92
Q

Treatment of initial phase tuberculosis RIPE

A

2 months - ripe
RIFAMPACIN
ISONIAZID
PYRAZINIMIDE
ETHAMBUTOL

93
Q

Treatment of continuous phase tuberculosis 4 months

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid

94
Q

Treatment of latent tuberculosis

A

3 months Rifampicin and isoniazid
6 months isoniazid only

95
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

Discolour soft contact lenses and bodily fluids - orangey red

96
Q

RIFAMPACIN interaction

A

Cyp450 interactions

97
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

Peripheral neuropathy

98
Q

Prophylaxis treatment for peripheral neuropathy

A

Pyridoxine (vit b6)

99
Q

Isoniazid interactions (enzyme inhibitor)

A

Cyp450 enzyme interactions

100
Q

2 types of malaria bite protection

A

Impregnate nets with permethrin
DEET

101
Q

DEET counselling points 5

A
  1. 2 years +
  2. Avoid ingestion (wash hands before eating )
  3. 50% gives longer protection
  4. Suitable for pregnant and breast feed - wash breast before feeding
  5. Apply AFTER sun cream - reduces SPF - use higher SPF
102
Q

Which 2 antimalarials are weekly dose

A

Chloroquine
Mefloquine

103
Q

Which 3 antimalarials are daily dose

A

Malarone, proguanil, doxycycline

104
Q

Which 2 antimalarials are started 1-2 days before travel

A

Malarone
Doxycycline

105
Q

Which 2 antimalarials are started 1 week before travel

A

Chloroquine
Proguanil

106
Q

Which antimalarials should be started 2-3 weeks before travel

A

Mefloquine

107
Q

Which antimalarial is taken till 1 week after travel

A

Malarone

108
Q

which 2 antimalarials can be taken long term

A

Chloroquine
Proquinil

109
Q

How long after travel is antimalarials taken except Malarone

A

4 weeks

110
Q

Illnes within 1 yr of return esp 3 months - which antimalarial might still cause malaria

A

Malarone

111
Q

Which antimalarials suitable in pregnancy

A

Chloroquine
Proguanil

112
Q

Antimalarials to be avoided in epilepsy

A

Chloroquine
Mefloquine

113
Q

Requirements for antimalarial given with warfarin

A

Treatment 2-3 wks before departure
Inr should be stable before travel - measure before antimalarial, 7 days after taking and after completing course
Prolonged stays - check inr regularly

114
Q

When should standby antimalarial be given

A

If remote location and likely >24hrs away from medical care
Self treat if care not availability within 24hrs of fever

115
Q

Antifungal treatment for aspergillosis

A

Voriconazole

116
Q

Antifungal treatment for cryptococcosis

A

Amphotericin B

117
Q

Treatment for vaginal thrush

A

Clotrimiazole
Flucnoazole

118
Q

Treatment for oral thrush

A

Nysatin
Miconazole
Fluconazole

119
Q

Treatment of oral / vaginal resistant thrush

A

Itraconazole

120
Q

Antifungal treatment for skin and nails

A

First line - topical
Second line - systemic itraconazole/ terbinafine

121
Q

Ring worm treatment

A

First line - Antifungal cream/ terbinafine

122
Q

Who to refer in fungal nail infection

A

<18yrs
>2 nails affected
Diabetic
Pregnant/breastfeeding

123
Q

Fungal nail treatment

A

Terbinafine/Amorolfine
Once weekly up to 1 year

124
Q

Azole side effects

A

Qt prolongation
Hepatotoxicity

125
Q

Azole that can cause life threatening Hepatotoxicity

A

Ketoconazole

126
Q

Which Azole bioavailability improved with carbonated drink

A

Itraconazole

127
Q

Which azole is associated with photo toxicity

A

Voriconazole

128
Q

Risk in terbinafine

A

Hepatotoxicity

129
Q

Treatment for varicella zoster, chicken pox, herpes zoster, shingles

A

Aciclovir
Valaciclovir

130
Q

When to treat chicken pox

A

14 yrs plus present within 24 hours of onset

Pre reg pharmacy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions