Antimicrobials Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is pharmacokinetics?
action of the animal on drugs such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
what is pharmacodynamics?
the action of a drug on the animals (effect on bacteria)
what are the possible ways in which antibiotics work?
disrupt cell wall production or function
DNA function inhibitors
protein synthesis inhibitors
disrupts cell membrane function
what groups of antibiotics work by disrupting cell wall production/function?
beta lactams
penicillins
cephalosporins
what groups of antibiotics work by being DNA function inhibitors?
potentiated sulphonamides
fluoroquinalones
what groups of antibiotics work through protein synthesis inhibition?
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
florphenicol
what groups of drugs work by disrupting cell membrane function?
ionophores
what are the ways antibiotics can be classified?
how they effect bacteria
range of bacteria effected
post-antibiotic effect
concentration or time dependant
chemical structure/properties
can you give bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs together?
no (bactericidal drugs require actively growing cells)
why can’t you give bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal drugs together?
bactericidal drugs require actively growing cells
what groups of antibiotics are time dependant?
penicillins
cephalosporins
tetracyclines
macrolides
what groups of antibiotics are concentration dependant?
aminoglycosides
fluroquinolones
metronidazole
what is post-antibiotic effect?
ability for drug to suppress/kill bacteria after concentration has dropped below the MIC
what does time dependant antibiotics mean?
the time the antimicrobial concentration exceeds the MIC determines the clinical efficacy
what is the volume of distribution of a drug?
the amount of drug left in the blood stream after it is absorbed (smaller volume of distribution means more is confined to the blood stream)
what can the plasma protein binding of a drug effect?
tissue penetration
volume of distribution
half-life
elimination
how do some drugs use plasma protein binding as an advantage?
allows them to act for longer, good for time dependant drugs such as beta-lactams
what is the half-life of antimicrobials?
time required for the plasma concentration of the drug to half
do drugs with a larger or smaller volume of distribution get cleared quicker?
takes longer to clear drugs with larger volumes of distribution
what two factors influence drug elimination via the liver?
blood flow to liver
activity of enzymes in liver
what antibiotic classes are cell wall inhibitors?
beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)
what antibiotic classes are protein synthesis inhibitors?
aminoglycosides
macrolides
tetracyclines
what antibiotic classes work by effecting DNA metabolism?
sulfonamides
potentiated sulfonamides
fluroquinolones
metronidazole
what are some examples of broad spectrum penicillins?
ampicillin
amoxicillin
cloxacillin
