Antimicrobials

Question 0

Polyenes

Answer 0

Antifungals
Aspergillus
Candida

Question 1

Azoles

Answer 1

Antifungals
Target cell membrane synthesis
Yeast

Question 2

Chloroquine

Primaquine

Answer 2

Anti malarials active against strains other than falciparum

Question 3

Quinine

Artemisinin

Answer 3

Antimalarials used in falciparum strains

Question 4

Antimicrobial classes targeting DNA synthesis

Answer 4

Quinolones

Folic acid antagonists

Question 5

Quinolone mechanism

Answer 5

Inhibition of topoisomerase II

Question 6

Ciprofloxacin class

Answer 6

Quinolone

Question 7

Ciprofloxacin DDIs

Answer 7

CYP450 inhibitor

Question 8

Trimethoprim class

Answer 8

Folic acid antagonist

Question 9

Trimethoprim use

Answer 9

UTI

Question 10

Metronidazole class

Answer 10

Folic acid inhibitor

Question 11

Metronidazole spectrum of action

Answer 11

Anaerobic bacteria
Amoebae
Giarda
Trichomonas

Question 12

Sulfonamides DDIs

Answer 12

CYP450 inhibitor

Question 13

Aminoglycosides mechanism

Answer 13

Bind to 30s ribosome

Question 14

Gentamicin class

Answer 14

Aminoglycoside

Question 15

Amino glycosides spectrum of activity

Answer 15

Gram negatives

Question 16

Amino glycosides DDIs

Answer 16

Hypocalcaemia with bisphosphanates

Cardiac glycosides

Question 17

Amino glycosides ADRs

Answer 17

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

Question 18

Macrolides mechanism

Answer 18

Prevent peptidyltransferase action

Question 19

Classes targeting protein synthesis

Answer 19

Amino glycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Rifampin

Question 20

Erythromycin class

Answer 20

Macrolides

Question 21

Macrolides spectrum of activity

Answer 21

Mild gram positive infections

Question 22

Tetracycline mechanism

Answer 22

Block A site of 30s ribosome

Question 23

Tetracycline class

Answer 23

Polyketide

Question 24

Tetracycline DDIs

Answer 24

Hypoglycaemia with sulfonylureas

Question 25

Tetracycline ADRs

Answer 25

``` Liver Renal C. diff Dental GI ```

Question 26

Classes targeting cell wall synthesis

Answer 26

Beta lactams | Glycopeptides

Question 27

Sub classes of beta lactams

Answer 27

Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems

Question 28

Beta lactam mechanism

Answer 28

Inhibit cross linking of cell wall, causing cell lysis

Question 29

Penicillin spectrum

Answer 29

Streptococci | Very good for syphillis

Question 30

Amoxicillin spectrum

Answer 30

Streptococci | Gram negatives

Question 31

Co amoxiclav

Answer 31

Amoxicillin with beta lactamase inhibitor | Activity as amoxicillin but also anaerobes.

Question 32

Flocoxacillin spectrum

Answer 32

Staphylococci | Streptococci

Question 33

Cephalosporin spectrum

Answer 33

Broad spectrum but no anaerobes

Question 34

Ceftriaxone use

Answer 34

Meningitis as crosses BBB

Question 35

Carbapenems spectrum

Answer 35

Very broad

Question 36

Penicillin ADRs

Answer 36

``` Hypersensitivity Hepatotoxicity CNS toxicity Electrolyte disturbance C diff. ```

Question 37

Penicillin DDIs

Answer 37

Rash with allopurinol.

Question 38

Cephalosporin ADRs

Answer 38

Hepatotoxicity Hypersensitivity C diff

Question 39

Carbapenem ADRs

Answer 39

CNS toxicity Hypersensitivity (but safe in penicillin allergy) C diff

Question 40

Carbapenem DDIs

Answer 40

Gancyclovir | Anti epileptics

Question 41

Glycopeptide mechanism

Answer 41

Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 42

Vancomycin class

Answer 42

Glycopeptide

Question 43

Vancomycin spectrum

Answer 43

Most gram positives | Give IV.

Question 44

Glycopeptide ADRs

Answer 44

Bone marrow Hypersensitivity Nephrotoxic Ototoxicity

Question 45

Neuraminidase inhibitor mechanism

Answer 45

Inhibit virus release

Question 46

Zanamovir and oseltamivir class

Answer 46

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Question 47

Neuraminidase inhibitor ADRs

Answer 47

Vomiting Abdominal pain Epistaxis Headache

Question 48

M2 channel inhibitor mechanism

Answer 48

Inhibit viral uncoating | Physically blocks ion channels (requires H+ mediated fall in pH)

Question 49

Amantidine and rimantidine class

Answer 49

M2 channel inhibitors

Question 50

M2 channel inhibitors spectrum

Answer 50

Influenza A

Question 51

M2 channel inhibitors ADRs

Answer 51

CNS-confusion, insomnia Renal Hypotension

Question 52

Aciclovir mechanism

Answer 52

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Question 53

Rifampicin mechanism

Answer 53

Blocks RNA polymerase

Question 54

Rifampicin DDIs

Answer 54

CYP450 inducer

Question 55

Streptomycin

Answer 55

Aminoglycoside

Question 56

Nystatin

Answer 56

Polyenes Topical use only, toxic systemically Good for candida

Question 57

Amphotericin

Answer 57

Polyene | Can be given IV for systemic infections

Question 58

Isoniazid

Answer 58

TB drug Prodrug Metabolite prevents synthesis of mycolic acid required for mycobacterial cell wall.

Question 59

Isoniazid ADRs

Answer 59

``` Rash Abnormal LFTs Hepatitis Sideroblastic anaemia Metabolic acidosis Peripheral neuropathy (Vit B6 depletion) CNS effects ```

Question 60

Isoniazid DDIs

Answer 60

Increased phenytoin or disulfiram | Reduces CYP450

Question 61

Pyrazinamide

Answer 61

TB drug | Crosses BBB so can be used in tuberculous meningitis

Question 62

Pyrazinamide ADRs

Answer 62

Arthralgia Gout Hepatotoxicity

Question 63

Ethambutol

Answer 63

TB drug | Prevents formation of cell wall

Question 64

Ethambutol ADRs

Answer 64

``` Optic neuritis Red-green colour blindness Peripheral neuropathy Arthralgia Hepatotoxicity Hyperuricaemia Vertical nystagmus ```

Question 65

Rifampicin ADRs

Answer 65

``` Hepatotoxicity Breathlessness Rash Abdominal Flu like symptoms ```

Question 66

Rifampicin DDIs

Answer 66

CYP450 inducer