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!!!!! Pharm spring 16 Exam 1 !!!!! > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Most allergenic

A

Penicillin

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2
Q

B- Lactamase

A

Cephalosporins and Penicillins

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3
Q

Highest incidence of skin rash

A

Ampicillin

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4
Q

Best absorbed from GI

A

Amoxacillin

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5
Q

60% renal excretion, 40% bile

A

Cephalosporins

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6
Q

First generation cephalosporin

A

Cefazolin (Ancef), Cephalexin (Keflex)

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7
Q

Second generation Cephalosporin

A

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

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8
Q

Third generation Cephalosporin

A

Cefotaxime(Claforan), Ceftriaxone(Rocephin)

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9
Q

Inhibits Pre-junctional release of ACh and Post-synaptic sensitivity of ACh

This class includes which drugs?

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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10
Q

Nephrotoxicity with first sign of inability to concentrate urine

A

Aminoglycosides- Neomycin is the most nephrotoxic

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11
Q

Calcium may not counteract profound muscle weakness

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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12
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is uniquely sensitive to this class of drugs

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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13
Q

Renal excretion by GFR

A

Aminoglycosides

Fluroquinalones

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14
Q

Gram (-)

A

Aminoglycosides
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
Metronidazole

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15
Q

Increased Plasma Concentrations 20-30 fold with renal failure

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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16
Q

NM blocking effects of lidocaine is enhanced

A

Aminoglycosides

  1. Streptomycin
  2. Kanamycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentimycin
  5. Neomycin
  6. Tobramycin
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17
Q

Drug accumulates in renal cortex and causes tubular necrosis

A

Aminoglycosides- Neomycin is the most nephrotoxic

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18
Q

Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

Vancomycin

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19
Q

Toxic >9mcg/ml

A

Gentimycin

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20
Q

Brings ammonia levels down in hepatic coma

A

Neomycin

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21
Q

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic

A

Tetracycline

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22
Q

Excreted in Urine and Bile

A

Tetracycline
Cephalosporins
Rifampin

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23
Q

Renal excretion

A

Penicillins

Aminoglycosides

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24
Q

Permanant discoloration of teeth, phytotoxicity, treatment of acne

A

Tetracycline

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25
decreases fatty acid content in serum
Tetracycline
26
long acting IV and PO formulations of tetracycline
Doxyycline
27
Bacteriostatic Drug
Azythromycin Clindamycin (linomycins) Sulfonamides Tetracycline
28
Two macrolides
Azythromycin and Erythromycin
29
Hepatic Metabolism by CY P450 System
MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin
30
GI intolerance, QT effects Thrombophlebitis
MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin
31
Given in the OR for gastric Emptying
MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin
32
Bacteriostatic depends on organism being targeted/treated
Erythromycin
33
Gram (+) bacteria
Penicillin | Erythromycin
34
QT prolongation, torsades
MACROCODES: Azythromycin and Erythromycin
35
``` Aerobic Gram (+) cocci ANaerobic Gram (-) bacilli ```
Clindamycin
36
most effective towards anaerobes
Clindamycin
37
Pseudomembranous colitis caused by this drug
Clindamycin
38
Pre and post junctional neuromuscular effects
Aminoglycosides | Clyndamycin
39
May prolong NMB agens such as Succinylcoline and vecuronium
Clindamycin
40
Used for serious GI and female genital tract infections
Clindamycin
41
Antagonist of macrolides
Clindamycin
42
Severe staph, streptococcal, enterococcal endocardidtis, MRSA
Vancomycin
43
Inhibits microbial synthesis of folic acid
Sulfonomides
44
skin rash d/t anaphylaxis Drug fever Hepatotoxcity rare Acute hemolytic anemia
Sulfonomides
45
Effects PO anticoagualts, (warfarin)
Sulfonomides
46
UTI treatment
Sulfonomides
47
Most potent of all antimicrobials at NMJ, predominantly pre junctional, resembles NDNMB, not antagonized by Neo or Ca++
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
48
HIGHLY neuro and nephrotoxic
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
49
not absorbed GI, can be used in gut sterilization
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
50
used for SEVERE UTI, urosepsis skin, mucous membrane, skin and eye infections.
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
51
Marked potentiation of NDNMB agents
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
52
Bacterialcidal, effects cell wall membrane phospholipids (detergent)
Polymyxin B and Colisimethate
53
CNS infections, abdominal and pelvic sepsis
Metronidazole
54
Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis
Vanc and Flagyl
55
Elimination half time 2-3 hours
Aminoglycosides
56
Elimination half time 3-8 hours
Fluroquinalones 1. Ciporfloxin 2. Levofloxin
57
bowel surgery and complicated GI and GU infection
Fluroquinalones 1. Ciporfloxin 2. Levofloxin
58
Inhibit CY P450 system
Fluroquinalones 1. Ciporfloxin 2. Levofloxin
59
Used for a variety of systemic infections including respiratory tract
Ciprofloxin
60
Broad spectrum but very effective against gram (-)
Fluroquinalones 1. Ciporfloxin 2. Levofloxin Think me in india and mel on the way
61
Potent inducer of CY P450 system
Rifampin
62
Excellerates metabolism of opioids, NMB agents, warfarin
Rifampin (CY P450 inducer)
63
Enters CNS
Rifampin | Metronidazole
64
Inhibits RNA chain bacteria
Rifampin
65
enters phagocytic cellas and kills by inhibitinng organisms RNA
Rifampin- how it kill TB
66
Gram (+) Gram (-) Mycobacteria
Rifampin
67
Effects cell wall permeability
Amphotericin B
68
Fever chills, dyspneal hypotension NV during infusion
Amphotericin B
69
Hypokalemia, caused by this drug
Amphotericin B
70
Creatitnine >3.5- must stop this drug
Amphotericin B
71
Advers relations include thrombocytopenia an anemia
Amphotericin B

!!!!! Pharm spring 16 Exam 1 !!!!! (4 decks)

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