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antimicrobials Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Which combination is used for the empiric treatment of infective endocarditis

Penicillin+aminoglycoside
Tetracycline+aminoglycodise
Penicillin+macrolides
Tetracycline+flouroquinolones

A

Penicillin+aminoglycoside

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2
Q

Which drug is commonly used for syphilis

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Methicillin
Nafcillin

A

Penicillin G

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3
Q

Which drug is used as a Rhuematic fever prophylaxis

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Methicillin
Nafcillin

A

Penicillin G

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4
Q

Which drug has a higher oral bioavailability than other penicillins

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
ampicillin
amoxicillin

A

amoxicillin

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5
Q

Which penicillin is commonly prescribed to children and pregnant women

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
ampicillin
amoxicillin

A

amoxicillin

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6
Q

Which penicillin is widely used to treat URIs

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
ampicillin
amoxicillin

A

amoxicillin

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7
Q

Which penicillin is used to treat P. aeruginosa

Penicillin G
Carbenicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin

A

Carbenicillin

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8
Q

Which penicillin is excreted in the bile

Penicillin G
Carbenicillin
Nafcillin
Amoxicillin

A

Nafcillin

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9
Q

Which penicillin may cause pseudomembranous colitis and maculopapular rash

Penicillin G
Carbenicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin

A

ampicillin

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10
Q

Which cephalosporin is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis

cephalexin
cefazolin
cefaclor
cefoxitin

A

cefazolin

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11
Q

Which cephalosporin is the drug of choice in the treatment of gonorrhea and the empiric treatment of meningitis

cephalexin
cefazolin
cefaclor
ceftriaxone

A

ceftriaxone

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12
Q

Which cephalosporin is effective against MRSA

cephalexin
cefazolin
cefaclor
ceftaroline
ceftriaxone
A

ceftaroline

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13
Q

Which drug is used as a substitute for minor penicillin allergic reactions

cephalosporin
tetracycline
macrolides
flouroquinolones

A

cephalosporins

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14
Q

Which DOES NOT cause disulfiram like reactions

cefamandole
cefoperazone
ceftaroline
cefotetan

A

ceftaroline

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15
Q

Which carbapenem must be combined with cilastatin to prevent the synthesis of a nephrotoxic metabolite

doripenem
ertapenem
imipenem
meropenem

A

imipenem

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16
Q

Which can be used for gram neg infections in pts allergic to penicillin

tetracyline
macrolide
monobactam
imipenem

A

monobactam

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17
Q

Which causes red man or red neck syndrome

daptomycin
vancomycin
imipenem
cefotetan

A

vancomycin

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18
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors inhibit which ribosome

A

70S

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19
Q

What is the MOA of tetracyclines

A

bind reversibly to 30S subunit, preventing attachment of aminoacyl tRNA

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20
Q

What is the most common use of tetracyclines

A

treatment of severe acne and rosacea

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21
Q

Tetracycline is used as empiric therapy for which infection

  • MRSA
  • community acquired pneumonia
  • hospital acquired pneumonia
  • infective endocarditis
Study These Flashcards
A

-community acquired pneumonia

22
Q

What should be avoided when taking tetracyclines

  • alcohol
  • exercise
  • diary products
  • aspirin
Study These Flashcards
A

-diary products

23
Q

Tetracyclines are contraindicated for which pts

  • pregnant women
  • pregnant women and children under 8
  • pregnant women and children under 18
  • newborns and infants under 2 months
Study These Flashcards
A

-pregnant women and children under 8

24
Q

What is an adverse affect of tetracyclines

  • QT prolongation
  • rash
  • discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth
  • nephrotoxicity
Study These Flashcards
A

-discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth

25
Aminoglycosides are bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bactericidal
26
What is the MOA for aminoglycosides
30S ribosomal subunit | irreversible inhibition of initiation complex, misreading to mRNA and blockade of translocation
27
Aminoglycosides antibacterial spectrum - aerobic gram neg - aerobic gram pos - anaerobic gram neg - anaerobic gram pos
-aerobic gram neg
28
Which combo is the drug of choice for empiric therapy for infective endocarditis vancomycin+aminoglycosides tetracycline+aminoglycosides daptomycin+aminoglycosides fosfomycin+aminoglycosides
vancomycin+aminoglycosides
29
What is the adverse effect associated with aminoglycosides - photosensitivity - discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth - ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity - Rash
-ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
30
What is the MOA for lactulose
NH4 is trapped in the colon effectively reducing plasma ammonia concentrations
31
Macrolides are mainly used against what type of bacteria
gram pos
32
Macrolides bind to which part of the ribosome - 30S - 70S - 23S of 50S - 50S
-23S of 50S
33
Which is the drug of choice for B. pertussis azithromycin clarithromycin erythromycin telithromycin
erythromycin
34
Which is NOT inhibited by CYP450 azithromycin clarithromycin erythromycin telithromycin
azithromycin
35
What is an adverse affect of macrolides - QT prolongation - rash - discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth - nephrotoxicity
-QT prolongation
36
Macrolides are contraindicated for people taking what drug - aspirin - albuterol - statins - mannitol
statins
37
Chloramphenicol binds which ribosomal subunit - 30S - 70S - 23S of 50S - 50S
50S
38
What are the adverse effects of chloramphenicol - QT prolongation - rash - grey baby syndrome - nephrotoxicity
grey baby syndrome
39
Clindamycin is primarily used against - aerobic gram neg - aerobic gram pos - anaerobic gram neg - anaerobic gram pos
-anaerobic gram pos
40
Which is used as an alternative for prophylaxis in pts with penicillin allergy chloramphenicol macrolides clindamycin rifampin
clindamycin
41
Which is the adverse effect for clindamycin - QT prolongation - rash - grey baby syndrome - pseudomembranous colitis - nephrotoxicity
-pseudomembranous colitis
42
What is the contraindications for floroquinolones - pregnant women - pregnant women and children under 8 - pregnant women and children under 18 - newborns and infants under 2 months
-pregnant women and children under 18
43
What is the MOA for fluoroquinolones - dihydropteroate - topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) - 30S ribosomal subunit - 50S ribosomal subunit
-topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
44
Which 3 are adverse effects of fluoroquinolones - QT prolongation - rash - grey baby syndrome - pseudomembranous colitis - peripheral neuropathy - connective tissue problems
- QT prolongation - peripheral neuropathy - connective tissue problems
45
Which 3 are adverse effects of fluoroquinolones - QT prolongation - rash - grey baby syndrome - pseudomembranous colitis - peripheral neuropathy - connective tissue problems
- QT prolongation - peripheral neuropathy - connective tissue problems
46
What is the MOA for sulfonamides - dihydropteroate - inhibit folic acid synthesis - topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) - 30S ribosomal subunit - 50S ribosomal subunit
-inhibit folic acid synthesis
47
Which is used for ulcerative colitis and IBD - sulfadiazine - sulfamethoxazole - sulfasalazine
-sulfasalazine
48
Sulfonamides are contraindicated for which patients - pregnant women - pregnant women and children under 8 - pregnant women and children under 18 - newborns and infants under 2 months
-newborns and infants under 2 months
49
Trimethoprim is contraindicated for - pregnant women - pregnant women and children under 8 - pregnant women and children under 18 - newborns and infants under 2 months
-pregnant women
50
Cotrimoxazole is contraindicated for - pregnant women - pregnant women and children under 8 - pregnant women and children under 18 - newborns and infants under 2 months
-pregnant women
51
Metronidazole is used for - MRSA - community acquired pneumonia - hospital acquired pneumonia - H. pylori - infective endocarditis
-H. pylori

Antimicrobials (1 decks)

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