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Infection Erin > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main modes of actions of antibiotics

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid

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2
Q

What are the 2 main groups of antibiotics which inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall

A

B lactams

Glycopeptides

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3
Q

What are the 2 man groups of B-Lactams

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

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4
Q

What are the 2 main glycopeptide antibiotics

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cephalosporins

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of glycopeptide antibiotics

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Which 3 groups of antibiotic inhibit protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

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9
Q

What is the action of aminoglycosides

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

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10
Q

What is the main action of macrolides

A

Inhibition of Protein synthesis

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11
Q

What is the main action of tetracyclines

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

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12
Q

What groups of antibiotics work by inhibition the synthesis of nuclei acid (DNA)

A

Trimethorprim/Sulfonamides

Quinolones

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13
Q

What is the main action of Trimethoprim

A

Inhibition of nuclei acid synthesis

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14
Q

What is the main action of Quinolones

A

Inhibition of Nuclei Acid Synthesis

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15
Q

Give examples of Penicillins

A

Benzylpenicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav

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16
Q

Which organisms is benzylpenicillin effective against

A

Streptococci

Neisseria spirochetes

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17
Q

What is benzylpenicillin used to treat

A 
Soft tissue 
Pneumococcal 
Meningococcal 
Syphillis 
Gonorrhoea
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18
Q

Pros of benzylpenicillin

A

It is cheap

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19
Q

Which organisms is amoxicillin effective against

A

Broad spectrum but resistance is common

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20
Q

Pro of amoxicillin

A

Cheap

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21
Q

Which organisms is flucloxacillin against

A

Staphylococci

Staph. Aureus infection

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22
Q

What is a pro of flucloxacillin

A

Cheap

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23
Q

Which organisms co-amoxiclav used to treat

A

Broad spectrum

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24
Q

What is co-amoxiclav effective against

A

UTI
RTI
Soft tissue infections
Surgical wounds

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25
What is a con of co-amoxiclav
It is associated with C. Diff infection
26
Name the 4 Cephalosporins
Cefradine Cefuroxime Ceftriaxone Ceftazidime
27
What is ceftriaxone used to treat
Hospital infections e.g bacteriaemia, Pneumonia
28
Con of ceftriaxone
C.diff infection
29
What is ceftazimide effective against
Psuedomonal infections in hospital and in CF
30
What is Cefradine used to treat
UTI | Soft tissue infection
31
Name 1 abx in aminoglycoside group
Gentamicin
32
What gram is gentamicin used to treat
Gram -ve
33
What is gentamicin used to treat
Serious gram -ve infections Bacteriaemia Endocarditis Neutropenic sepsis
34
Cons of gentamicin
Nephrotoxicity | Ototoxicity
35
Name 3 macrolides
Clarithromycin Erythromycin Azithromycin
36
What is clarithromycin used to treat
Resp infection Soft tissue STD
37
What is erythromycin used to treat
Resp infection Soft tissue infection STD
38
Name 2 quinolones
Ciprofloxacin | Levofloxacin
39
Name the 2 glycopeptides
Vancomycin | Teicoplanin
40
Con of ciprofloxacin
Assoc with C diff infection
41
What is ciprofloxacin used to treat
Complicated UTI Complicated hospital acquired pneumonia Some GI infections
42
What is trimethoprim used to treat
UTI Resp infection MRSA
43
What is doxycycline used to treat
Q fever Brucellosis Chlamydia Atypical pneumonia
44
What is Rifampicin used to treat
TB MRSA Meningococcal prophylaxis
45
What type of abx is co-trimoxazole
Broad spectrum
46
What is co-trimoxazole used to treat
Resp infection
47
Con of clindamycin
C/diff infection
48
What is metrondazole used to treat
Anaerobes | Protozoa (e.g parasitic infection)
49
Name 3 azole antifungals
Fluconzole Itraconazole Voriconazole
50
What is fluconazole used to treat
Candida
51
What is itraconazole and voriconazole used to treat
Candida and Aspergillus
52
What are terbinafine antifungals used to treat
Tinea | Fungal nail infections
53
Name 2 polyene antigufngals
Amphotericin | Nystatin
54
What is amphotericin used to treat
Candida and aspergillus
55
What is nystatin used to treat
Candida
56
Broad groups of antifungals
Azoles Polyenes Echinocandins Terbinafine
57
Name 3 types of echinocandins
Caspofungin Anidulafungin Micafungin
58
Do antiviral eradicate virus from latently infected cells e.g HSV
No
59
When are antivirals use in chicken pox
Any increased risk of complications Neonate Immunocompromised Pregnant
60
Rx used for shingles
Aciclovir Valaciclovir Famciclovir Foscarnet
61
Which antivirals are used for chronic HBV infection
Pregylated interferon alpha | Nucleoside/tide analogues (e.g lamivudine, entecavir, adefovir)
62
Which antivirals are used to treat influenzae A or B
Oseltamivir | Zanamivir
63
What are the current anti-viral therapies for HCV
Pegylated interferon alpha Ribavirin Plus protease inhibitor (e.g telaprevir)
64
Which anti-viral is used in HSV infection
Aciclovir
65
How is aciclovir delivered in HSV encephalitis
IV
66
How is influenzae most commonly prevented
Vaccination
67
How quickly does influenzae treatment need to be given
<48hrs
68
Common problem with vancomycin
Toxicity

Infection Erin (10 decks)

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