Antimicrobials II

Question 1

Name all the drugs (categories) that inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 1

Aminglycosides
Tetracyclines
Cloramhenicol
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Linezolid
Streptogramins
Mupirocin

Question 2

What are the drugs that affect the 30S subunit?

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Question 3

What are the drugs that afffect the 50S subunit?

Answer 3

Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Linezolid
Streptogramins

Question 4

What is the drug that affects the tRNA synthetase?

Answer 4

Mupirocin

Question 5

Name all the Aminoglycosides

Answer 5

Gentamycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin

(GNATS)

Question 6

MOA of aminoglycosides?

Answer 6

bactercidal

inhibits the 30s subunit

Question 7

Clinical use of aminoglycosides

Answer 7

Severe gram - aerobic bacteria

Neomycin enema for bowel surgery

Question 8

Toxicity and contraindications for aminoglycosides

Answer 8

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Tertogen

Question 9

Amikacin is the _____ spectrum of aminoglycosides

Answer 9

broadest

Question 10

Name the tetracyclines

Answer 10

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Tigecycline
Minocycline

Question 11

MOA of tetracyclines

Answer 11

bacteriostatic

inhibits 30S subunit

Question 12

Clinical use of tetracyclines

Answer 12

Tx Acne vulgaris
Vibrio choleraie, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Tularemia, H pylori, Borrelia, Rickettsia
VACUUM THe BR

Do not give if pregnant!
Avoid alcohol

Question 13

MOA of chloramphenicol

Answer 13

bacteriostatic

inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase

Question 14

Clinical use of chloramphenicol

Answer 14

Meningitis

Rickettsias

Question 15

Toxicity and contraindications of chloramphenicol

Answer 15

Anemia
Hemolytic anemia
aplastic anemia
Gray baby syndrome

Crosses BBB

Question 16

Clindamycin

Answer 16

Bacteriostatic

Blocks peptide bond formation of 50s subunit

Question 17

Clinical use of clindamycin

Answer 17

Anaerobes above the diaphragm, gram + bugs

Tx bone and joint infections

Question 18

Toxicity and contraindications of clindamycin

Answer 18

C. diff
Hematological disorders
Fever
Diarrhea
Cellulitis

Question 19

Name all the macrolides

Answer 19

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

Question 20

MOA of macrolides

Answer 20

Bacteriostatic

inhibits 50s subunit

Question 21

Clinical use of macrolides

Answer 21

URI, pneumonia and STDs
Gram + cocci, chlamydia, neisseria, mycoplasma, legionella

conjuctivits from chlamydia

Question 22

Toxicity and contraindications of macrolides

Answer 22

Safest antimicrobials
prolonged QT
GI distress
Skin rashes
eosinophilia
Acute cholestatic hepatitis
inreases serum theophylines

Question 23

MOA of Linezolid

Answer 23

Bacteriostatic

inhibits 50s subunit

Question 24

Clinical use of linezolid?

Answer 24

Healthcare associated pneumonia, S aureus pneumo, infections from MRSA and VRE

Question 25

Toxicity and contraindications of and linezolid

Answer 25

Bone Marrow suppression Avoid if on MOA inhibitors Headache and GI upset Reversible neurotoxicity

Question 26

Name the Streptogramins

Answer 26

Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Question 27

MOA of streptogramins

Answer 27

Bacteriostatic | inhibits 50s subunits

Question 28

Clinical use of streptogramins

Answer 28

Life threatening bacteremia with VRE, enterococcus, complicated skin infections with S. aureus (VRSA)

Question 29

Toxicity and contraindications of streptogramins

Answer 29

hyperbilirubinemia, injection site pain and inflammation, myalgia/arthralgia IV administration only A nasty medication

Question 30

MOA of muciprocin

Answer 30

Bactercidal | inhibits tRNA synthetase

Question 31

Clinical use of muciprocin

Answer 31

Gram + and gram - bacteria, used as topical tx for skin infections, MRSA, and methicillin resistant S pyogenes

Question 32

Toxicity and contraindications of muciprocin

Answer 32

injection site pain and inflammation, should not be applied to large skin areas in patients with renal insufficiency