antimicrobials pt 2 Flashcards

Question

Abacavir (Ziagen) MOA

Answer 1

inhibit HIV replication by suppressing DNA synthesis

Answer 2

Lactic acidosis & hepatic steatosis r/t mitochondrial toxicity Possible evidence for increased risk for MI Hypersensitivity

Answer 3

Genetic testing for HLA-B*5701 Monitor cardiac and LA s/s Use of safe practices to prevent transmission Other first-line NRTI include lamivudine, tenofovir, & emtricitabine

Answer 4

inhibit HIV replication by suppressing synthesis of DNA

Answer 5

CNS symptoms are common Rash Teratogenicity

Answer 6

Numerous drug interactions, including those for HIV Taking med at hs on empty stomach can reduce CNS symptoms Educate on CNS symptoms and rash

Answer 7

inhibition of protease leaving the virus immature and noninfectious

Answer 8

Most common is diarrhea Hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes Lipodystrophy (redistribution of fat) and hyperlipidemia Prolonged PR and QT interval

Answer 9

Monitor heart rhythm on telemetry Virus less resistant to the drug combination Stable at room temperature for short-term; put in the refrigerator for long-term Educate patients on glucose & lipid control

Answer 10

inhibit integrase

Answer 11

Generally well tolerated Elevated liver enzymes Skin hypersensitivity reactions rare Viral medication resistance is more common

Answer 12

Assess for hepatic injury and trend LFT Instruct patients to report skin manifestations and stop meds immediately Other first-line INSTI is dolutegravir

Answer 13

Blocks HIV entry into CD4 T cells

Answer 14

SQ injection site reactions Pneumonia s/s Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 15

Medication administration technique Monitor respiratory and integumentary systems

Answer 16

blocks HIV entry into CD4 T cells

Answer 17

infections resistant to other initial treatments

Answer 18

Hepatic injury Possible increased risk for CV events, including MI

Answer 19

Educate and assess for liver injury Assess CV status CCR5 tropism assay is performed first to determine if use is appropriate

Answer 20

inhibits HIV integrase

Answer 21

indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older

Answer 22

Hypersensitivity reactions Post injection reactions Hepatotoxicity Depressive disorders

Answer 23

Administer each injection at separate gluteal injection sites A complete dose requires 2 injections Allow 15 minutes for the medicine to become room temperature. May remain in a syringe for 2 hours. Patient education on adverse reactions and signs and symptoms

Answer 24

RNA is translated to express full-length spike protein to elicit a systemic immune response to produce immunity

Answer 25

Injection site soreness Fever, chills, fatigue, headache, & lymphadenopathy within 24-48 hours Anaphylaxis, very rarely; milder allergic reactions

Answer 26

Patient education, including duration of protection and time between doses Careful preparation to maximize doses per vial and appropriate amount of diluent depending on patient population and formulation Once reconstituted, must be used within 6 hours for purple cap and 12 hours for gray cap Intramuscular injection soreness can be treated with OTC analgesics Monitor patients for 15 minutes post-administration

Answer 27

RNA is translated to express full-length spike protein to elicit a systemic immune response to produce immunity

Answer 28

Injection site soreness Fever, chills, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia Anaphylaxis, very rarely; milder allergic reactions also reported

Answer 29

Patient education, including duration of protection and time between doses Careful preparation to maximize doses per vial Follow storage instructions after opening Intramuscular injection soreness can be treated with OTC analgesics Monitor patients for 15 minutes post-administration

Answer 30

Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis Injection site pain and swelling Systemic reactions, including fatigue, fever, myalgia, & nausea Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia GBS

Answer 31

CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has made preferential recommendation for mRNA over adenovirus vector vaccines Patient education, including duration of protection and time between doses Careful preparation to maximize doses per vial Follow storage instructions after opening Intramuscular injection soreness can be treated with OTC analgesics Monitor patients for 15 minutes post-administration

Answer 32

symptomatic, nonsevere COVID-19 infection with risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 infection

Answer 33

Hypertension Diarrhea, impaired or altered sense of taste Myalgia Rebound COVID-19 infection

Answer 34

Patient education on medication regimen (twice daily x 5 days) and adherence Numerous drug interactions; thoroughly assess medication usage during the patient interview Risk of HIV resistance if a patient has an uncontrolled or undiagnosed infection

Answer 35

incorporated into viral RNA polymerase resulting in viral genome errors and replication inhibition

Answer 36

symptomatic, nonsevere COVID-19 infection with risk factors for development of severe COVID-19 infection

Answer 37

Erythema, rash, urticaria Hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis, angioedema

Answer 38

Alternative outpatient option for those who cannot take Paxlovid Patient education on medication regimen (twice daily x 5 days) and adherence Not commercially available; current use is under EUA from AmerisourceBergen Capsules can be administered with or without food; do not crush, open, or break

Answer 39

inhibits RNA polymerase which inhibits viral replication

Answer 40

COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization & supplemental oxygen in adult and pediatric patients

Answer 41

Potentially severe bradycardia Elevated ALT and AST levels Hypersensitivity reactions resulting in anaphylaxis, angioedema, rash, etc. Prolonged prothrombin time

Answer 42

Monitor CMP and RUQ s/s Although unlikely, monitor renal function for impairment for the duration of therapy Discontinue infusion and provide appropriate interventions if hypersensitivity reactions occur

Answer 43

Decreases inflammation by suppression of neutrophil migration, decreased production of inflammatory mediators, and reversal of increased capillary permeability

Answer 44

Adrenal suppression Apathy/depression Cushingoid features GI effects Hyperglycemia Infection

Answer 45

Typical regimen is 6 mg daily x 10 days Alternative glucocorticoid equivalent may be used if not available Monitor labs and patient response closely Patient may require home glycemic control after d/c

Answer 46

for off-label use in COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization, O2 supplementation, MV/ECMO for up to 10 days as monotherapy or with other agents

Answer 47

attenuated, live, non-replicating smallpox and monkeypox vaccine that elicits humoral and cellular immune responses to orthopoxviruses.

Answer 48

moneypox and smallpox

Answer 49

An allergic reaction can occur after injection (hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, or weakness)

Answer 50

Patient education, including duration of protection and time between doses Allow the vaccine to thaw and reach room temperature before use. Swirl the vial gently before use for at least 30 seconds Monitor patients for 15 minutes post-administration

antimicrobials pt 2 Flashcards

(84 cards)