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Antineoplastics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Toxicity of Immunosuppressives (5)

A
  • Bone marrow
  • GI tract
  • Alopecia
  • Renal
  • Teratogenesis
  • Hyperuricemia
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2
Q

Alkylating Agents (3)

A
  • Mechlorethamine
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Cisplatin
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3
Q

Nitrosoureas (2)

A
  • Carmustine

- Lomustine

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4
Q
  • Alkylate DNA
  • Cause miscoding, breakage, crosslinking
  • NOT cell-cycle phase specific
A

Alkylating Agents MOA

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5
Q

Alkylating Agents SE (6)

A
  • Vesicant
  • Affects rapidly proliferating cells
  • N/V
  • Bone marrow depression
  • Immunosuppression
  • Teratogenesis
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6
Q

Hodgkin’s dz

A

Mechlorethamine

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7
Q

Alkylating Agent that is NOT a vesicant

A

Cyclophosphamide

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8
Q
  • Hemorrhagic cystitis (tx: MESNA)

- Inappropriate ADH

A

Cyclophosphamide SE (2)

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9
Q

Curative testicular CA

A

Cisplatin

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10
Q
  • Acoustic nerve damage

- Anaphylaxis

A

Cisplatin

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11
Q
  • Kill in all phases
  • Bifunctional alkylators
  • Inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis
A

Nitrosoureas

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12
Q
  • Brain tumors

- Oral CA and GI

A

Nitrosoureas

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13
Q

Antimetabolites (Purine Analogues)

A
  • Methotrexate
  • 6 Mercaptopurine
  • 5-fluorouracil
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14
Q
  • Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
  • No thymidylate
  • Blocks DNA, RNA, protein synthesis
A

Methotrexate

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15
Q

What drug acts as a rescue of Methotrexate (bypass blockade)

A
  • Leucovorin
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16
Q

Methotrexate SE (3)

A
  • Hepatotoxicity (more with immunosuppressant)
  • Precipitates in renal tubules (kidney problems when used in CA tx)
  • Pulmonary dz
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17
Q
  • Converted by HGPRT to nucleotide
  • Inhibit synthesis of purine nucleotides: DNA, RNA
  • Not cell cycle specific
A

Antimetabolites (Purine Analogues)

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18
Q
  • Metabolized by xanthine oxidase

- Allopurinol sometimes needed for hyperuricemia, but increases toxicity

A

6-Mercaptopurine

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19
Q

Drug used to tx Leukemias

A

6-Mercaptopurine

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20
Q

Drug that causes Jaundice

A

6-Mercaptopurine

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21
Q
  • Inhibits thymidylate synthase - block DNA synthase

- Cell-cycle specific - G1 and S phases

Study These Flashcards
A

5-Fluorouracil

22
Q

Leucovorin increases response of what drug?

Study These Flashcards
A

5-Fluorouracil

23
Q
  • Solid tumors

- Topical BCC

Study These Flashcards
A

5-Fluorouracil Tx

24
Q
  • Intercalates into DNA
Study These Flashcards
A

Doxorubicin MOA

25
Iron increases effect of ______
Doxorubicin
26
Antibiotics (3)
- Doxorubicin - Bleomycin - Mitomycin
27
- Cardiotoxic, esp with herceptin
Doxorubicin
28
- Intercalates into DNA | - Generates free radicals, effect increased by iron
Doxorubicin
29
- Directly damage DNA | - Cell cycle specific - G2 and M
Bleomycin
30
Bleomycin SE
- LITTLE myelosuppression - PULMONARY FIBROSIS - Anaphylactoid symptoms
31
Plant Alkaloids (3)
- Vincristine - Vinblastine - Paclitaxel
32
Vincristine & Vinblastine MOA
- Bind to tubulin - M phase | - Axonal transport affected
33
Vincristine SE
- Neurotoxicity | - Low myelosupression
34
Vinblastine SE
- More myelosupression | - Less neurotoxicity
35
Paclitaxel MOA
- Binds tubulin/microtubulin - Arrests mitosis - Disrupts axonal transport
36
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
- Imatinib | - Erlotinib
37
Inhibitor of Bcr-AbI fusion protein
Imatinib (Gleevec)
38
- CML | - Gastrointestinal Stromal tumor
Imatinib (Gleevec) Tx (2)
39
Imatinib (Gleevec) SE
- Immunosuppressive (avoid if recently immunized for polio)
40
Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitors
- Cetuximab | - Erlotinib
41
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
- Bevacizumab
42
- EGF receptor, blocks cell growth | - Monoclonal antibody
Cetuximab
43
- Blocks ATP binding to HER1/EGFR tyrosine kinase
Erlotinib
44
- VEGF needed for angiogenesis, over expressed in tumor | - Decreases blood supply and slows tumor growth
Bevacizumab
45
- Solid tumors (renal and glioblastoma) | - Injected in eye for Macular degeneration (ranibizumab)
Bevacizumab
46
Bevacizumab SE
- Bleeding and thromboembolism risk increased with systemic use - Sunitinib (renal CA) and Sorafenib (hepatocellular CA) similar, SE similar
47
Hormones and Antagonists (4)
- Prednisone - Tamoxifen - Trastuxumab - Flutamide
48
- Lymphomas and leukemias
Prednisone
49
- Block estrogen receptor in breast | - Hot flashes, uterine hyperplasia
Tamoxifen
50
- Antibody to HER2 receptor | - Cardiac toxicity, esp doxorubicin
Trastuzumab
51
- Anti-androgen for prostate CA
Flutamide

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