Antineoplastics

Question 1

____ is against new tissue formation- counteracts growth of malignant cells

Answer 1

Antineoplastic

Question 2

____ is destructive cells especially to proliferative cells

Answer 2

Cytotoxic

Question 3

Comfort

Answer 3

Palliative

Question 4

______ is most serious adverse effect. Low wbc, SOB, fatigue, cold.

Answer 4

Myelosuppression

Question 5

How do we fix myelosuppresion?

Answer 5

Iron containing food and protein

Question 6

______ is a low platelet count

Answer 6

Thrombocytopenia

Question 7

Low blood cell count

Answer 7

Anemia

Question 8

Low wbc. Antibiotics are given at first sign of inf

Answer 8

Leukopenia

Question 9

_____ is reproducing rapid cells

Answer 9

Proliferative

Question 10

______ suppresses the immune system at risk for inf

Answer 10

Immunosuppressive

Question 11

Loss of hair

Answer 11

Alopecia

Question 12

Very irritating to the tissue is called ___

Answer 12

Vesicants

Question 13

Treatment of cancer with chemicals

Answer 13

Chemotherapy

Question 14

What is marks on the body and skin for radiation

Answer 14

Simulation

Question 15

____ therapies are designed to target only cancer cells

Answer 15

Targeted therapies

Question 16

Drugs to prevent nausea

Answer 16

Antiemetic

Question 17

______ work by interfering with DNA synthesis

Answer 17

Antimetabolites

Question 18

_____ is involved with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication and are used involving rapidly proliferating neoplasms (new growth) there’s some injectables called methotrexate and fluorouracil.

Fluorouracil is also available in topical formulation to treat certain skin cancers

Answer 18

Antimetabolites

Question 19

Xeloda- capecitabine

Oroxia-hydroxiurea

are under what med class

Answer 19

Antimetabolites

Question 20

What is a side effect that stands out about antimetabolites

Answer 20

Bone marrow suppression and renal toxicity

Question 21

What’s special about methotrexate dosing

Answer 21

It’s given once a week rather than daily basis

Question 22

_____ is to treat brain tumor

Gelidale

Answer 22

Carmustine

Question 23

_____ agents present cell growth by damaging DNA needed for reproduction. Can cause long term damage to the bone marrow.

Can eventually lead to leukemia 5-10 years after treatment

Answer 23

Alkylating agents

Question 24

Alkylating agents cause which side effects

Answer 24

Mucosal ulceration
Neurotoxicity
Hemorrhagic Cystitis with cyclophosphamide (chemoprotectant)
Can be administered prior to chemo to prevent this toxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis
It is a vesicant

Question 25

You cannot take a alkylating agent when pregnant or with renal disease

Answer 25

Know

Question 26

____ inhibitors are often plant alkaloids and other compounds derived from natural products that block mitosis. Potential cause peripheral nerve damage and myelosuppression which can be dose limiting side effects.

Answer 26

Mitotic

Question 27

________ _____ are belban(vinblastine) or oncovin (vincristine) derived from the periwinkle plant and are used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. A semisynthetic agent derived from vinblastine has been recommended as a treatment of choice for lung cancer in older patients

Answer 27

Plant alkaloids

Question 28

Where is plant alkaloids given?

Answer 28

Spinal column

Question 29

Plant alkaloids side effects Numbness, tingling, ataxia, foot drop, pain in jaw, head, or extremities, and visual disturbances, severe constipation or diarrhea**, rash phototoxicity. Vesicant Don’t take if pregnant. Infection. Hepatic distinction, Geri patients

Answer 29

Know

Question 30

_____ occurs when a drug or liquid intended for IV admin leaks into the surrounding tissue

Answer 30

Extravasation

Question 31

Taxanes _____ is another plant alkaloid. Extracted from the park of the western pacific yew. Used as a second line or subsequent therapy in patients with Metastatic breast or ovarian carcinoma refractory to conventional chemo

Answer 31

Paclitaxel | ——

Question 32

Side effects for taxanes Severe hypersensitivity Severe, flushing rash, dyspnea, chest pain, hypotension, and bradycardia. Peripheral neuropathy Vesicant. Only admin through IV under constant supervision of oncologist with VS and facilities for an emergency. Only given in hospital setting.

Answer 32

NAB paclitaxel (abraxane) is the first approved albumin nanoparticle drug. Mixed with albumin nanoparticles which aft as a biological delivery agents to transport the drug to the needed site of action

Question 33

____ antibiotics are used to treat a wide variety of malignancies. Docorubicin (adriamycin) is treatment protocols of breast, lung, gastric, and ovarian cancers and lymphoma. Can pernamently damage the heart it a maximum lifetime dose is reached. Daunorubicin (cerubidine) primarily used for acute leukemia because of the lower incidence of cardiotoxicity

Answer 33

Know

Question 34

Anti tumor antibiotics side effects is Cardiotoxicity including arrhythmias, congestive heart failures, cardiomyopathy, pneumonitis, dyspnea, pulmonary fibrosis with bleomycin.

Answer 34

Vesicant as well

Question 35

_____ such as prednisone are used primarily for their suppressant effect on lymphocytes in leukemia and lymphoma. Treatment of some types of cancer before chemo to prevent severe allergic reactions. Effective in prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone is also used to treat cerebral edema associated with brain tumors

Answer 35

Corticosteroids

Question 36

Side effects of corticosteroids are Fluid retention, edema. Cuehingoid features, moon face: skin is fragile, raises blood sugar increased inf risk, weight gain. It’s blocks the action of normal hormones that cause cancer.

Answer 36

Know

Question 37

A ____ agent belonging to a class of drugs called selective estrogen receptor modifiers. SERMS. Nolvdex(tamoxifen) binge to estrogen receptors. Can be a primary hormonal therapy both for metastatic estrogen receptor- positive breast cancer in both men and menopausal women. Also for PALLIATIVE TREATMENT. ** may prevent osteoporosis

Answer 37

Increases cholesterol and it’s a five year treatment

Question 38

Antiestrogens Antidepressants may he used to reduce the potency of tamoxifen. Anastrozole(arimidex) and letrozole(femara) inhibit the final step in estrogen production and offer alternatives to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Increase cholesterol and is a five year treatment

Answer 38

More than likely to CAUSE is osteoporosis

Question 39

_____ drugs include leuprolide acetate. Suppresses testosterone production and is usually IM or SUBCU on monthly regimen. For prostate cancer. Also used for hormonal treatment for endometriosis

Answer 39

Antiandrogens

Question 40

Antiandrogen Bicalutamide (Casodex) is oral and interferes with the binding of testosterone to androgen receptors in the prostate and is used to simultaneously with leuprolide to treat metastatic prostate cancer. Can cause impotence.

Answer 40

Know

Question 41

___ therapy is also called immunotherapy, biotherapy, or biological response modifier therapy. Designed to repair, stimulate, or enhance cancer patients natural immune system to more effectively recognize and attack cancer cells. Used to lessen side effects caused by certain cancer treatments IM SUBCUTANEOUS IV

Answer 41

Biological

Question 42

Interferon Alfa (intron A) which is the type most widely used in cancer treatment. Is a complex combination of many proteins that boost immune system response. Treat certain leukemia’s, melanoma, kaposis sarcoma, non Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also used to treat hep B and C. MS

Answer 42

Flu like symptoms GI symptoms Nervous system effect - sleep disturbances. Depression Hematological effects leukopenia and anemia. Dyspnea. Cough. Nasal congestion. Alopecia

Question 43

______ antibodies are exogenous (outside of the body) genetically engineered in the lab. Target only cancer cells.

Answer 43

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 44

Angiogenesis inhibitors prevent the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow and invade nearby tissue. Avastin is the first line treatment for metastatic carcinoma of the highly vascularized colon, kidney or lung. May Only stop or slow growth of cancer but won’t completely eradicate it. Herceptin is combined with paclitaxel and is first line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. ALL ARE INTRAVENOUSLY

Answer 44

Know

Question 45

Monoclonal antibodies Severe reactions can be minimized by premeditating with acetaminophen, diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Demerol, avastin ``` Angioedema Hypersensitivity Cardiac arrhythmia Acute renal failure Hematological toxicity Gi perforation ```

Answer 45

Know

Question 46

Targeted therapies Signal transduction inhibitors Fleeced is the first clinically useful agents for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The Majority of sti are given by the oral route.

Answer 46

Know

Question 47

Vaccines Preventive (prophylactic) intended to prevent cancer from developing in healthy people Treatment (therapeutic) which are intended to treat an existing cancer by strengthening the body’s natural defense against the cancer

Answer 47

Know

Question 48

Vaccines The FDA approved gardasil and cervarix that protect against infection by the two types of HPV was hey cause cervical cancer.

Answer 48

Know

Question 49

Vaccines Patients who have latex allergy may be inappropriate candidates for the cervarix syringe as the tip cap has latex. The first cancer treatment vaccine is sipuleucel T (Provenge) approved for some men with prostate cancer and is made from patients wbc to stimulate the patients immune system against the cancer and is manufactured individually

Answer 49

Know

Question 50

Iodine 131 is a radioactive isotope indicated for patients with refractory non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Also thyroid cancer Primary side effect is decreased blood count four to six weeks after treatment. Count remains low for two or three weeks then goes back to normal

Answer 50

Know