Antiparasitic

Question 1

First line treatment for Leishmania

Answer 1

Amphotericin B

Question 2

First line treatment for cryptosporidiosis

Answer 2

Nitazoxanide

Question 3

First line treatment for ascariasis

Answer 3

Albendazole

Question 4

First line treatment for hookworm

Answer 4

Albendazole

Question 5

First line treatment for neurocysticercosis

Answer 5

Albendazole

Question 6

First line treatment for schistosomiasis

Answer 6

Praziquantel

Question 7

First line treatment for stronglyodiasis

Answer 7

Ivermectin

Question 8

First line treatment for plasmodium prevention

Answer 8

Chloroquine

Question 9

First line treatment for severe malaria

Answer 9

Artemisin

Question 10

Prophylaxis of malaria

Answer 10

Proguanil

Question 11

First line treatment for toxoplasmosis

Answer 11

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + leucovorin

Question 12

First line treatment for trypanosomiasis

Answer 12

Pentamidine

Question 13

First line treatment for giardiasis

Answer 13

Metronidazole

Question 14

First line treatment for trichomoniasis

Answer 14

Metronidazole

Question 15

First line treatment for advanced trypanosomiasis

Answer 15

Eflorenthine + nifurtimox

Question 16

Clioquinol

Answer 16

8-hydroxiquinolone
Intraluminal immobilization of protozoa

Amebas
- Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy

Question 17

Metronidazole

Answer 17

Nitroimidazole
Activated by ferredoxin or flavodoxin —> free radicals
—> DNA breaks —> death

Amebiasis and Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis
Anaerobic bacteria

Question 18

Which antiparasitic can be used in H.pylori therapy if the patient is allergic to amoxicillin?

Answer 18

Metronidazole

Question 19

Metronidazole side effects

Answer 19

Peripheral neuropathy
ALCOHOL - disulfiram reaction

Question 20

Metronidazole targets

take the METRO To lonG BEaCH

Answer 20

Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
Bacterioides
Entamoeba
Clostridium
H.pylori

Question 21

Nitazoxanide

Answer 21

Broad spectrum
Interacts with electron transfer in protozoa

CRYPTOSPOIDIOSIS
***teratogenic

Question 22

Pentamidine

Answer 22

Inhibits protein and RNA synthesis of protozoa
Parenteral

Trypanosomas
Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 23

Benzimidazoles target protozoa or helmints?

Answer 23

Helmints

Question 24

Benzimidazole MOA

Answer 24

Binds b-tubulin —> inhibit microtubule polymerization
—> selective toxicity

Question 25

Albendazole

Answer 25

Benzimidazole prodrug NEMATODES Ascaris Hookwork (necator) Taenia - neurocysticercosis Giardia Echinococcus

Question 26

Albendazole side effects

Answer 26

Headache Hepatotoxic

Question 27

Tinidazole

Answer 27

Nitroimidazole Activated by ferredoxin/flavodoxin —> free radical —> death Longer half-life than metronidazole and less side effects

Question 28

Mebendazole

Answer 28

Benzimidazole NEMATODE Ascarisis Trichuriasis Hookworm With cimetidine

Question 29

Benzimidazole main side effect

Answer 29

Teratogenic

Question 30

Praziquantel

Answer 30

Increases Ca2+ permeability in parasites —> muscle paralysis —> death Tegumental damage —> ROS, expose antigen SCHISTOSOMIASIS 2nd line cysticercosis to albendazole

Question 31

Ivermectin

Answer 31

High affinity Cl- ion channel binding —> permeability —> cell hyperpolarization —> paralysis —> death STRONGYLODIASIS Lice Scabies Trichuriasis Ascariasis

Question 32

Ivermectin side effect

Answer 32

MAZZOTI-LIKE REACTION

Question 33

Drug that causes mazzoti-like reaction

Answer 33

Ivermectin

Question 34

Chloroquine

Answer 34

Quinoline derivative Accumulate in Plasmodium vacuole —> bind heme —> prevent hemozoin Since heme is toxic to parasite —> death FIRST LINE FOR PLASMODIUM

Question 35

Chloroquine side effects

Answer 35

Pruritus Retinopathy - bilateral CNS: agitation, confusion

Question 36

Primaquine

Answer 36

Quinolone derivative Accumulate in Plasmodium vacuole —> bind heme —> prevent hemozoin Since heme is toxic to parasite —> death Malaria PROPHYLAXIS Rare use for pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 37

Pramiquine side effects

Answer 37

Hemolytic anemia Arrythmias GI effects

Question 38

Artemisin

Answer 38

Prodrug —> dihydroartemisin —> accumulate in vacuola —> bind to heme —> free radical prod —> death SEVERE MALARIA

Question 39

Pyrimethamine

Answer 39

Inhibit DHFR ++++sulfadoxime —> no DNA synthesis Malaria

Question 40

Pyrimethamine side effects

Answer 40

CNS: ataxia, tremor, seizure Pancytopenia

Question 41

Secnidazole

Answer 41

Nitroimidazole Rarely used