AntiParasitics

Question 1

What drugs are under Avermectins?

Answer 1

Ivermectin, milbemycin, oxime, moxidectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, selamectin

Question 2

What is the Spectrum of Avermectins?

Answer 2

Broad: all nematodes including larval, ectoparasites, parasitic larvae, does not kill Platyhelminthes

Question 3

What is the Action of Avermectins?

Answer 3

Paralysis of GABA neurotransmitter

Question 4

What are the Toxicities of Avermectin?

Answer 4

Very safe, breed sensitivity to Ivermectin (collies & Murray grey cattle), Selamectin not toxic to collies

Question 5

Drugs under Benzimidazoles?

Answer 5

Albendazole, Fenbental, Fenbendazole, Mebendazole, Oxfendazole

Question 6

What Spectrum is Benzimidazoles?

Answer 6

Nematodes = strongyles, pinworms, ascarids, round + whip + hook + lungworms, liver flukes

Question 7

What is the Action of Benzimidazoles?

Answer 7

Generally safe, vomiting, diarrhea, embryotoxicity, nematode resistance (equine small strongyles), Albendazole = aplastic anemia in dogs & humans

Question 8

Drugs under Tetrahydropyrimidines?

Answer 8

Pyrantel (Strongid-P, Strongid-T)

Question 9

What Spectrum is Tetrahydropyrimidines?

Answer 9

Narrow: migrating larval nematodes & mature (ascarids, strongyles, pinworms, hookworms, round worms)

Question 10

What is the Action/Uses of Tetrahydropyrimidines?

Answer 10

Interferes w/ neuromuscular system, paralysis and death

Question 11

What are the Toxicites of Tetrahydropyrimidines?

Answer 11

well tolerated in most spp., increased respiratory, sweating, ataxia

Question 12

Drugs under Organophosphates?

Answer 12

Carbaryl, propoxur, dichlorvos, cythioate, diazinon, fenthion, trichlorfon

Question 13

What Spectrum is Organophosphates?

Answer 13

Insecticides for ectoparasites w/ other anthelmintics for endoparasites

Question 14

What is the Action of Organophosphates?

Answer 14

Paralyzes nematode & insects, inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Question 15

What are the Toxicities of Organophosphates?

Answer 15

All toxic to man & animals, low margin of safety, poisoning symptoms include: excessive salivations, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle tremors, meiosis

Question 16

Drugs under Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

Answer 16

Praziquantel (dronsit), Epsiprantel (cestex)

Question 17

What is the Spectrum of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

Answer 17

All mammalian cestodes, larval cestodes in intermediate hosts, many flukes, except ruminant liver fluke

Question 18

What is the Action of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

Answer 18

Alters ionic balance in muscle cells

Question 19

What are the Toxicities of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

Answer 19

Very safe, superior to other tapeworm anthelmintics, safe in pregnant bitches, not recommended in young animals, occasional vomiting at 40x

Question 20

Drugs under Nitroscanate?

Answer 20

Lopatol

Question 21

What is the Spectrum of Nitroscanate?

Answer 21

Roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms

Question 22

What are the Toxicities of Nitroscanate?

Answer 22

Very safe for dogs

Question 23

Drugs under Amitraz?

Answer 23

Amitraz (mitoban)

Question 24

What is the Spectrum of Amitraz?

Answer 24

Ticks, lice, mites

Question 25

What is the Action of Amitraz?

Answer 25

Affects CNS of susceptible organs

Question 26

What are the Toxicities of Amitraz?

Answer 26

Considered safe, toxic signs: transient sedation, decreased body temp, hyperglycemia, seizures, toxic to cats and rabbits

Question 27

Drugs under Pyrethrins?

Answer 27

Extract from Chrysanthemum flowers

Question 28

What is the Action of Pyrethrins?

Answer 28

Fleas, lice, many insects

Question 29

What is the Action of Pyrethrins?

Answer 29

Contact poison, (need to combine b/c lasts for short time)

Question 30

What are the Toxicities of Pyrethrins?

Answer 30

Safe for most mammals

Question 31

Drugs under Pyrethroids?

Answer 31

Permethrin (defend, ex spot), Eypermethrin (stock aid ear tags)

Question 32

What is the Spectrum of Pyrethroids?

Answer 32

Ticks, lice, fleas, keds, many flies

Question 33

What is the Action of Pyrethroids?

Answer 33

Contact poison

Question 34

What are the Toxicities of Pyrethroids?

Answer 34

Low mammalian toxicity

Question 35

Drugs under Imidacloprid?

Answer 35

"Advantage"

Question 36

What is the Spectrum of Imidacloprid?

Answer 36

Flea & lice control on dogs

Question 37

What is the Action of Imidacloprid?

Answer 37

Impairs nervous system