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ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the ANtimalarial agents?

A

Chloroquine
Quinine
Mefloquine
Primaquine
Doxycycline
Artemisinin Analogs
(Artemisinin,Artesunate Artemether)

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2
Q

MOA of Chloroquine?

A

Prevents polymerarization of heme into hemozoin

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3
Q

MOA of Quinine?

A

Complexes with DNA to prevent strand separation → blocks replication and
transcription

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4
Q

MOA of Mefloquine?

A

Unknown

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5
Q

MOA of Primaquine?

A

Forms electron-transferring redox compounds that acts as cellular oxidants

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6
Q

MOA of Doxycycline?

A

Impairs progeny of malarial apicoplast genes → abnormal cell division

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7
Q

MOA of Artemisin Analogs?

A

Forms toxic free radicals in malarial food vacuoles

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8
Q

Uses of Chloroquine?

A

● Non-falciparum chloroquine-sensitive malaria
● Chemoprophylaxis

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9
Q

Uses of Quinine?

A

● Malaria (Chloroquinone resistant areas)
● DOC for malaria in pregnant patients

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10
Q

Uses of Mefloquine?

A

● Malaria (Chloroquinone resistant areas)

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11
Q

Uses of Primaquine?

A

● Radical cure for P. vivax and P. ovale

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12
Q

Uses of Doxycycline?

A

none

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13
Q

Uses of Artemisin Analogs?

A

Malaria (uncomplicated falciparum, quinine-resistant)

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14
Q

Toxicity of Choholorquinine?

A

● GI upset
● Skin rash
● Retinal damage
● Cardiac arrhythmia
● Neuropsychiatric reaction

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15
Q

Toxicity of Quinine?

A

● Cinchonism (HA, Tinnitus,
vertigo)

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16
Q

Toxicity of Mefloquine?

A

● GI upset
● Skin rash
● Neuropsychiatric reaction
● Seizures

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17
Q

Toxicity of Primaquine?

A

● GI upset
● Pruritus
● Methemoglobenemia
● Hemolysis in G6PD deficient
patients

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18
Q

Toxicity of Doxycycline?

A

none

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19
Q

Toxicity of Artemisinin Analogs?

A

● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Diarrhea

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20
Q

What are the drugs used in Amebiasis(Luminal amebicide)?

A

Diloxanide Furoate
Iodoquinol
Poromomycin

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21
Q

What is the MOA of Diloxanide Fuorate?

A

Unknown

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22
Q

What is the MOA of Iodoquinol?

A

Unknown

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23
Q

What is the MOA of Poromomycin?

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A

Inhibits Protein synthesis

24
Q

Uses of Diloxanide Furoate?

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A

DOC for symptomatic cyst carriers for E. histolytica

25
Uses of Iodoquinol?
Mild to severe intestinal amebiasis
26
Uses of Poromomycin?
● Back-up drug for asymptomatic cyst carriers ● Cryptosporidiosis
27
Toxicity of Diloxanide Furoate
GI upset
28
Toxicity of Iodoquinol?
● GI upset ● Thyroid enlargement ● Skin reaction ● Neurotoxicity
29
Toxicity of Poromomycin?
● HA ● Dizziness ● Rashes ● Arthralgia
30
What are the drugs used in Amebiasis (Tissue amebicides)
Metronidazole Nitazoxanide Emetine
31
MOA of Metronidazole?
Reactive reduction by ferrodoxin forming free radical that disrupt transport chain
32
MOA of Nitazoxanide?
Reactive reduction by ferrodoxin forming free radicals that disrupt electrom trannsport chain
33
MOA of Emetine?
Inhibits Protein synthesis
34
USES of Metronidazole?
● DOC for Severe intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis, Trichomoniasis, Giardiasis, Bacterial viginosis
35
USES of Nitazoxamide?
● Metronidazole-resistant amebiasis ● DOC for Giardiasis, Cryptosporidosis
36
Uses of Emetine?
● Back -up drug for severe intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis
37
Toxicity of Metronidazole?
● Metallic taste ● GI upset ● Disulfiram-like effect
38
Toxicity of Nitazoxamide
● GI upset
39
Toxicity of Emetine?
● GI upset ● Muscle wealness ● CV dysfunction
40
What are the DRUGS FOR PNEUMOCYSTIS AND TAXOPLASMOSIS
Cotrimoxazole ((Trimethorprimsulfamethoxazole)) Pyrimethamine - Sulfadiazine
41
Uses of Cotrimoxazole
First line drug for prophylaxis and treatment for pnumocystis carinii pneumonia
42
Uses of Pyremethamine?
DOC for toxoplasmosis
43
Toxicity of Cotrimoxazole?
● GI upset ● Rash ● Fever ● Nutropenia ● Throbocytopenia can happen in patient with AIDS
44
Toxicity of Pyremethamine
● GI upset ● Hematologic toxicities (meglobastic anemia, thrombocytopenia) ● Neurologic symptoms (HA, seizures, insomia, tremors)
45
DRUGS FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS (WEST AFRICAN)
Pentamidine Eflornithine
46
MOA of Pentamidine?
Unknown
47
MOA of Eflornithine
Suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase
48
Uses of pentamidine?
● DOC for hemolymphatic stage of Trypanosomiasis ● Pneumocystis jirovecii infections and Kala azar form of Leishimaniasis
49
Uses of Eflornithine?
DOC for West African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)
50
DRUGS FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS (EAST AFRICAN)
Suramin Melarsoprol Sodium stibogluconate
51
MOA of Suramin?
unknown
52
MOA of Melasoprol?
Oraganic arsenical (-) enzymes with sufahydryl groups in trypanosomes
53
Uses of suramine?
DOC for hemolymphatic stage of trypanosomiasis
54
Uses of Melarsoprol?
DOC for advanced East African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei rhodosiense)
55
MOA of Sodium stibogluconate
inhibits glycolysis or nucleic acid metabolism
56

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