Antiprotozoan Drugs Flashcards
(9 cards)
Treatment of Toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine
Treatment of Trypanosoma brucei?
Note, this is a species of salivary trypanosome which causes African trypanosomiasis, known also as sleeping sickness in humans
Suramin (for early infections - before CNS involvement) and Melarsoprol (for late infections - after CNS involvement)
Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease)?
Nifurtimox
Treatment of Leishmaniasis (transmitted by sandfly - so think Middle East Vignette such as returning from Egypt)?
Sodium stibogluconate
Chloroquine
Mechanism of action?
Clinical uses?
Side effects?
Mechanism: Blocks parasitic heme metabolism, thereby causing toxicity and cell death due to buildup of heme
Clinical uses: Formerly used to treat Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria). No longer used secondary to high resistance from membrane pump that can decrease intracellular concentration of the drug
Side effects: Retinopathy, pruritus
Quinine
Clinical uses?
Side effects?
Clinical use: Treatment of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria), and Babesia microti infection
Side effects: Cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, dizziness, nausea) and Coombs’ + hemolytic anemia. Contraindicated in pregnancy as it is toxic to fetus.
Mefloquine
Clinical uses?
Side effects?
Clinical use: Treatment of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria)
Side effects: Mental status change
Primaquine
Clinical uses?
Side effects?
Clinical uses: Treats hepatic forms of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale types of malaria
Side effects: Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients (also contraindicated in pregnancy as it make cause hemolytic anemia in the fetus)
What drugs should you use to treat malaria (P. falciparum) per First Aid??
Artemether/Lumefantrine or Atovaquone/Proguanil
For life-threatening malaria, use Quinine or Artesunate
