Antipsychotics

Question 1

What is meant by schizophrenia ?

Answer 1

Psychotic illness characterised by three categories of symptoms :

Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
Cognitive impairment

Question 2

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia :

Answer 2

Delusions
Hallucinations
Catatonia
Disorganised speech

Question 3

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia :

Answer 3

No affect and emotions
No speech (alogia)
No pleasure (anhedonia)
No desire in relationships (asociality)
No motivation (avolition)

Question 4

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia ?

Answer 4

Working memory
Executive functions
Mental flexibility
Self control

Question 5

Acute episodes of schizophrenia mainly have ………… symptoms

Answer 5

Positive

Question 6

Chronic schizophrenia mainly have ………… symptoms

Answer 6

Negative

Question 7

Incidence of schizophrenia in the population ?

Answer 7

1%

Question 8

Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia is concerned about :

Answer 8

Dopamine dysregulation
Glutamate underactivity

In mesolimbic system

Question 9

Drawbacks of antipsychotics :

Answer 9

30% of patients are resistant (clozapine)

Ineffective for NEGATIVE and COGNITIVE symptoms (use atypical)

different adverse effects

Question 10

Classification of antipsychotic drugs ?

Answer 10

First generation (Typical)
Second generation (Atypical)

Question 11

Difference between first and second generations of antipsychotic drugs ?

Answer 11

They act on different receptor profile

Question 12

Advantages of atypical antipsychotics over typical antipsychotics :

Answer 12

Less EPS
Less dystonia
Less tardive dyskinesia
Effective in resistant patients
Effective against negative symptoms
Lower increase in prolactin

Question 13

What are the main types of motor disturbance resulting from the use of antipsychotics ?

Answer 13

Acute, reversible dystonia and Parkinson like symptoms

Slowly developing, irreversible tardive dyskinesia

Question 14

Examples of typical antipsychotics :

Answer 14

Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol (most uses of them)
Flupentixole

Question 15

Main disadvantage of typical antipsychotics over atypical antipsychotics ?

Answer 15

Have many side effects

Question 16

Chlorpromazine ?

Answer 16

Jaundice
Antiemetic
Hypothermia

Question 17

Haloperidol ?

Answer 17

No jaundice
Antiemetic
Severe EPS

Question 18

Flupentixol ?

Answer 18

No jaundice
Antiemetic
Restlessness

Question 19

Examples of atypical antipsychotics ?

Answer 19

Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Aripiprazole

Question 20

Which Drugs of the second generation antipsychotics have less side-effects ?

Answer 20

Clozapine

Aripiprazole (least)

Question 21

Clozapine ?

Answer 21

Effective in resistant Ptx
Effective against negative and positive symptoms

Seizures
Idiosyncratic agranulocytosis

Question 22

Olanzapine ?

Answer 22

No agranulocytosis

Less effective in resistant Ptx

Question 23

Risperidone ?

Answer 23

Risk of EPS

Effective against negative symptoms

Question 24

Aripiprazole ?

Answer 24

Least side effects
D2 partial agonist
Long acting
No weight gain

Question 25

Ziprasodone ?

Answer 25

Short acting No weight gain Effective against negative symptoms

Question 26

Choice among antipsychotics based on ...........

Answer 26

Side effects

Question 27

In treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia you can use ..............

Answer 27

Both typical and atypical antipsychotics

Question 28

In treating negative and cognative symptoms it's best to use ............

Answer 28

Atypical antipsychotics

Question 29

Which atypical antipsychotic drug is indicated to reduce the risk of suicide ?

Answer 29

Clozapine

Question 30

Other uses of antipsychotic drugs ?

Answer 30

``` Bipolar disorder (Risperidone) Antiemetic (Haloperidol) Involuntary movement in Huntington's disease (Haloperidol) Agitation and restlessness in elderly (Risperidone) ```