Antiquity

Question 1

Stone Age Instruments

Answer 1

Paleolithic: Bone whistles and flutes
Neolithic: Pottery flutes; rattles; drums

Question 2

Bronze Age Instruments

Answer 2

Bells
Jingles
Cymbals
Rattles
Horns
Plucked string instruments

Question 3

Instruments of Ancient Mesopotamia

Answer 3

Lyre: strings are parallel to soundboard
Harp: strings are perpendicular to soundboard

Question 4

Genres, ca. 2500 BCE

Answer 4

types of musical composition

Question 5

Sumerian genres (4100-1750 BCE)

Answer 5

Hymns, ca. 2300 BCE
songs to a god

Question 6

Enheduanna (fl. ca. 2300 BCE)

Answer 6

earliest known composer
Akkadian high priestess at Ur
composed hymns to the moon god and goddess Nanna and Inanna (text survives on cuneiform; music does not)

Question 7

Babylonian (ca. 1800 BCE) genres

Answer 7

Hymns
Laments
Love songs

Question 8

Instruments of Ancient Greece

Answer 8

Aulos: reed instrument, usually played in pairs (pl: auloi)
Lyre: seven strings parallel to soundboard, strummed with plectrum
Kithara: large lyre

Question 9

Instruments of Ancient Rome

Answer 9

Tibia: Roman aulos (reed instrument played in pairs)
Tuba: long straight trumpet
Corna: large G-shaped circular horn
Buccina: smaller version of corna

Question 9

Ancient Greek elements of music

Answer 9

1. melody is linked with rhythm and meter of words
2. musicians rely on knowledge of conventions and memory (rather than notation)
3. music is an orderly system; theory is well-developed
4. acoustical theory is founded on science