Antiseizure Medications Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
What is an antiepileptic?
A
Used to control or prevent seizures. The specific drug therapy is based on the type and frequency of the seizures.
2
Q
What is the generic name for Dilantin?
A
phenytoin
3
Q
What types of seizures does Dilantin treat?
A
- Simple seizures
- Complex seizures
- Partial seizures
- Generalized tonic clonic seizures
4
Q
What are the effects of Dilantin on EEG?
A
Mild slowing
5
Q
What are the toxic levels of Dilantin indicated by on EEG?
A
Generalized delta
6
Q
What is the generic name for Phenobarbital?
A
Barbita, luminal, solfolon
7
Q
What seizure types does Phenobarbital treat?
A
- Most seizure types
- Febrile seizures
- Status epilepticus
- Partial complex when others fail
8
Q
What are the effects of Phenobarbital on EEG?
A
- Generalized anterior dominant fast 15-35 Hz
- Posterior fast (children)
9
Q
What is the generic name for Tegretol?
A
carbamazepine
10
Q
What types of seizures does Tegretol treat?
A
Partial and generalized tonic clonic seizures
11
Q
What are the effects of Tegretol on EEG?
A
- None
- Mild alpha slowing
- Increased beta
12
Q
What is the generic name for Trileptal?
A
oxcarbazepine
13
Q
What types of seizures does Trileptal treat?
A
Partial seizures
14
Q
What are the effects of Trileptal on EEG?
A
- Slowing of peak frequency
- Increased theta & delta
15
Q
What is the generic name for Neurontin?
A
gabapentin
16
Q
What types of seizures does Neurontin treat?
A
Partial and secondary generalized seizures
17
Q
What are the effects of Neurontin on EEG?
A
- Minimally increase delta & theta
- Decreased alpha
18
Q
What is the generic name for Lyrica?
A
pregabalin
19
Q
What types of seizures does Lyrica treat?
A
Partial seizures
20
Q
What is the generic name for Zarontin?
A
ethosuximide
21
Q
What type of seizures does Zarontin treat?
A
Absence seizures
22
Q
What is the generic name for Vimpat?
A
lacosamide
23
Q
What types of seizures does Vimpat treat?
A
Partial and secondary generalized seizures
24
Q
What is the generic name for Sabril?
A
vigabatrin
25
What is the generic name for Lamictal?
Lamotrigine
26
What is Lamictal used for?
Used as an adjustment for partial seizures
27
What are the effects of Lamictal on EEG?
* None
* Increases interictal spikes in photoparoxysmal responses
28
What is the generic name for Topomax?
Topiramate
29
What is the generic name for Keppra?
Levetiracetam
30
What types of seizures does Keppra treat?
* Partial seizures
* Generalized tonic clonic seizures
31
What is the generic name for Klonopin?
Clonazepam
32
What types of seizures does Klonopin treat?
* Absence seizures
* Myoclonic seizures
* Atonic seizures
* Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
33
What are the effects of Klonopin on EEG?
* Loss of background
* Decreased voltage
* Frontal beta, some theta
34
What is the generic name for Banzel?
rufinamide
35
What types of seizures does Banzel treat?
* Lennox-Gastaut associated seizures
* Absence seizures
* Myoclonic seizures
* Atonic seizures
36
What is the generic name for Ativan?
Lorazepam
37
What is Ativan used for?
Short term treatment of all seizures, status epilepticus, and generalized tonic clonic seizures
38
What are the effects of Ativan on EEG?
* Loss of background
* Decreased voltage
* Frontal beta, some theta
39
What is the generic name for Felbatol?
Felbamate
40
What types of seizures does Felbatol treat?
* Seizures when all other medication fails
* Partial seizures
* Some generalized seizures
* Lennox-Gastaut associated seizures
41
What are the effects of Felbatol on EEG?
None
42
What is the generic name for Mysoline?
Primidone
43
What types of seizures does Mysoline treat?
* Focal seizures
* Generalized tonic clonic seizures
* Myoclonic seizures
44
What are the effects of Mysoline on EEG?
* Increased fast activity, frontally predominant
* Decreased alpha
45
What is the generic name for Valium?
Diazepam
46
What is Valium used for?
Short term treatment of all seizures, status epilepticus
47
What are the effects of Valium on EEG?
Frontally predominant fast activity but can be more diffuse
48
What is the generic name for Gabitril?
Tiagabine
49
What types of seizures does Gabitril treat?
Partial and some generalized seizures
50
What are the effects of Gabitril on EEG?
None
51
What is the generic name for Haldol?
Haloperidol
52
What conditions does Haldol treat?
* Schizophrenia
* Tourettes Syndrome
* Tremors
* Huntington’s chorea
53
What are the effects of Haldol on EEG?
Paradoxical effects, slow and fast activity
54
What is the generic name for Librium?
Chlordiazepoxide HCL
55
What is Librium used for?
Tranquilizer
56
What are the effects of Librium on EEG?
Anterior dominant diffuse fast
57
What is the generic name for Demerol?
Meperidine
58
What is Demerol used for?
Analgesic (pain relief)
59
What are the effects of Demerol on EEG?
* Slowing of alpha
* Generalized slowing
60
What is the generic name for Morphine?
Morphine
61
What is Morphine used for?
Analgesic (severe pain relief)
62
What are the effects of Morphine on EEG?
* Acute dosage: decrease in frequency and amount of alpha
* Chronic dosage: alpha returns to normal and increase in amount
* Toxic dosage: diffuse slowing
63
What is the generic name for Codeine?
Codeine
64
What is Codeine used for?
Analgesic (pain and cough relief)
65
What are the effects of Codeine on EEG?
* Decrease in frequency and amount of alpha
* Chronic dosage: alpha returns to normal
66
What is the generic name for ACTH?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
67
What is ACTH used for?
Treatment for all cerebral edema with brain tumors and infantile spasms
68
What are the effects of ACTH on EEG?
No appreciable effect
69
What is the generic name for Amytal?
Sodium amytal
70
What is Amytal used for?
Wada testing
71
What are the effects of Amytal on EEG?
Enhanced beta
72
What is the generic name for Chloral hydrate?
Chloral hydrate
73
What are the effects of Chloral hydrate on EEG?
Little to no effect, increased anterior dominant beta
74
Pentobarbital can cause what EEG pattern?
Burst suppression, beta activity
75
A bolus of propofol results in
Burst suppression
76
What medication is used to treat West Syndrome?
Vigabatrin
77
What treatment is available for patients with Otahara Syndrome?
Focal resection, cerebral hemispherectomy, Ketogenic diet, ACTH injections, anti-seizure medications, VNS
78
What AED is recommended for West Syndrome?
Vigabatrin
79
Rapid removal of which anticonvulsant is most likely to cause a generalized seizure?
Phenobarbital
80
What is the surgical treatment for Sturge Weber’s?
Hemispherectomy
81
What is the first line treatment for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?
Valproic acid
82
Total suppression of the EEG followed by cardiovascular instability can be caused by:
Barbiturates
83
What treatment is used for partial seizures?
Vagus nerve stimulation
84
What is the safest AED for pregnant women?
Lamictal
85
What surgical procedure is used to treat Hypothalamic Harmartomas?
Gamma knife
86
What are the AED options for absence seizures?
Valproic acid and Ethosuximide
87
What AED options are available for atypical absence, myoclonic, and atonic seizures?
Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, and Topiramate
88
What are the AED options for focal aware/impaired awareness seizures?
Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Oxcarbazepine, Valproic acid
89
What are the AED options for primary generalized seizures with TC movements?
Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, Topiramate
90
What is the treatment for Angelman’s Syndrome?
Valproate to reduce seizures, no known surgical treatment
91
What AED is used for the treatment of childhood occipital spikes?
Carbamazepine
92
What is the AED for Dravet Syndrome?
Valproate, Clobazam
93
What is the surgical treatment for drop attacks?
Corpus Callostomy
94
What is the AED for Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy?
Clobazam, Clonazepam
95
What is the AED for Jaevon’s syndrome?
Levetiracetam
96
What is the AED for epilepsy with myoclonic absence?
Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, Topiramate
97
What is the AED for epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures?
Valproate
98
What AED can be used to treat electrical status epilepticus of sleep (ESES)?
Diazepam
99
What AED can be used to treat febrile seizures?
Diazepam as rescue only
100
What AED is used for hyperkinetic frontal lobe?
Carbamazepine
101
What type of changes would you expect to see on an EEG from a patient on Haldol?
Paradoxical effects, slow and fast activity
102
What is another name for Phenobarbital?
Luminal
103
What is another name for Dilantin?
Phenytoin
104
What is another name for Chlorpromazine?
Thorazine
105
What is another name for Codeine?
Acetaminophen
106
What is another name for Librium?
Chlordiazepoxide
107
What is another name for Haloperidol lactate?
Haldol
108
What is another name for Gabitril?
Tiagabine
109
What is another name for Valium?
Diazepam
110
What is another name for Mysoline?
Primidone
111
What is another name for Felbatol?
Felbamate
112
What is another name for Ativan?
Lorazepam
113
What is another name for Banzel?
Rufinamide
114
What is another name for Klonopin?
Clonazepam
115
What is another name for Keppra?
Levetiracetam
116
What is another name for Zonegran?
Zonisamide
117
What is another name for Topamax?
Topiramate
118
What is another name for Lamictal?
Lamotrigine
119
What is another name for Depakene?
Valproic acid
120
What is another name for Sabril?
Vigabatrin
121
What is another name for Vimpat?
Lacosamide
122
What is another name for Zarontin?
Ethosuximide
123
What is another name for Lyrica?
Pregabalin
124
What is another name for Neurontin?
Gabapentin
125
What is another name for Trileptal?
Oxycarbazepine
126
What is another name for Tegretol?
Carbamazepine
