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pharm exam 3 > Antiviral > Flashcards

Antiviral Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

MOA Acyclovir

A
  • guanosine analogue
  • required phosphorylation and activation by viral thymidine kinase
  • inhibits DNA synthesis by competing with dGTP
  • concentrated in viral-infected cells
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2
Q

resistance to Acyclovir

A

develop due to decrease in viral thymidine kinase

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3
Q

route of administration of Acyclovir

A
  • oral, topical, IV
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4
Q

What is Valacyclovir

A
  • oral pro-drug; converted to acyclovir
  • higher bioavailability
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5
Q

DOC: HSV (genital herpes; herpes keratitis)

A

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir

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6
Q

Toxicity of Acyclovir/Valacyclovir

A
  • Nephrotoxicity with high IV doses
    • hydration is important
  • safe in pregnancy
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7
Q

MOA: Docosanol (Abreva)

A
  • inhibits viral fusion to host cell plasma membrane so virus can’t get into cell
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8
Q

use of : Docosanol (Abreva)

A
  • OTC for cold sores
    • herpex simplex: topical
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9
Q

MOA: of Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir

A
  • Guanosine analogue
  • activated by viral kinases
  • inhibits DNA polymerase
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10
Q

route of administration of Ganciclovir

A
  • occular implant, oral, or IV
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11
Q

route of administration of Valganciclovir

A

oral

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12
Q

DOC: CMV

A
  • Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir
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13
Q

DOC: VZV

A

Acyclovir/valacyclovir

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14
Q

Theraputic use of Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir

A
  • CMV/herpes
  • CMV retinitis
  • life threatening CMV
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15
Q

contraindication of use with Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir

A

pregnant women- category C drug

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16
Q

toxicity of Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir

A
  • myelosuppression: leukopenia
  • CNS: HA, confusion, sz
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17
Q

MOA: Foscarnet (Foscavir)

A
  • directly inhibits DNA and RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase
  • **does NOT require phosphorylation for activity
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18
Q

DOC: CMV encephalitis

A

Foscarnet + ganciclovir

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19
Q

treatment of CMV retinitis in ganciclovir resistant

A
  • Foscarnet
  • Cidofovir
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20
Q

toxicity of Foscarnet

Study These Flashcards
A

renal toxicity

21
Q

route of administration of Foscarnet

22
Q

MOA of Cidofovir

Study These Flashcards
A
  • inhibits viral DNA polymerase
  • phosphorylation to an active drug is independent of viral enzymes
23
Q

Alternate treatment of HSV

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Ganiclovir/valganciclovir
  • Docosanol
  • Foscarnet
  • Cidofovir
24
Q

toxicity of cidofovir

Study These Flashcards
A

dose dependent nephrotoxicity

25
MOA of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza)
Neuraminidase inhibitor, block release of virus from cells
26
DOC: Influenza A and B
* Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): patients \> 1 yr * Zanamivir (Relenza): patients \> 7 yrs
27
route of administration of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza)
* Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): oral * Zanamivir (Relenza): inhaler
28
MOA of Amantadine/Rimantadine
inhibit uncoating of viral RNA within infected host cells, thereby preventing replication
29
alternate treatment of Influenza A
Amantadine/Rimantadine
30
MOA of Ribavirin
* guanosine analogue * phosphorylated by host enzymes
31
DOC: RSV
Ribavirin
32
DOC: Hepatitis C
* Interferon alpha2B + Ribavirin (+ boceprevir if needed)
33
route of administration of Ribavirin
* aerosol * IV * oral
34
toxicity of Ribavirin
* oral: hemolytic anemia * aerosol: respiratory depression, cardiac arrest * IV: psychiatric
35
what do you have to be concerned when prescribing Ribavirin to women
Ribavirin is **Teratogenic: category X drug**: women should no concieve for at least 6 months after exposure to drug \*\*occupational exposure problematic
36
MOA of interferon-alpha2b
* A,B: blocks viral entry 1. blocks transcription and translation of mRNA 2. blocks viral replication 3. blocks viral processing 4. blocks viral assembly and release
37
route of administration of interferon-alpha2b
* IV * IM * Subcutaneous
38
alternate treatment of Hepatitis B
* interferon-alpha2b * adefovir * Entecavir
39
DOC: hepatitis B
Lamivudine
40
toxicity of interferon-alpha2b
* flu-like symptoms * CNS: depression and suicide - **prescribe antidepressants before initiating interferon therapy**
41
MOA: Boceprevir
* block activity of a serine protease needed for replication of Hepatitis C virus
42
route of administration of Boceprevir
oral
43
toxicity of Boceprevir
* drug interaction: inhibitor of CYP3A4 * anemia
44
route of administration of Lamivudine, Adefovir, Entecavir
oral
45
MOA of Lamivudine
inhibits hepatitis B polymerase
46
MOA of adefovir
inhibits Hep B DNA polymerase
47
toxicity of Adefovir
renal toxicity
48
MOA of Entecavir
guanosine analogue

pharm exam 3 (7 decks)

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