Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

Fostermasavir

Answer 1

Attachment of HIV
Binds near CD4 binding site
No conformational change
No attachment

Question 2

Ibalizumab

Answer 2

Attachment of HIV
Humanised monoclonal antibody bind to d2 of CD4 receptor
No conformational change in gp120
No CCR5 binding
No attachment

Question 3

Maraviroc

Answer 3

Attachment of HIV r5 subtype
Binds host CCR5 coreceptor, unfavourable conformational change for gp120 binding
No attachment

Question 4

Enfuviritide

Answer 4

HIV penetration
Binds repeat region 1 in gp41 protein of viral envelope
Stops conformational change
Viral and host membranes can’t fuse
No penetration

Question 5

Symmetral/amantadine

Answer 5

Prevents uncoating of influenza
Inhibits h+ influx through the M2 ion channel preventing acidification
Can’t continue cell cycle

Question 6

Interferons

Answer 6

Prevents mRNA synthesis and protein synthesis of hepatitis c
Signals to neighbouring cells of danger through JAK STAT pathway
Causes antiviral state

Question 7

Ribavirin

Answer 7

Prevents RNA and DNA synthesis of hepatitis c
Interferes with RNA/DNA production but mechanism unknown
Used in combination with interferons to prevent resistance and increase effectiveness of treatment

Question 8

Protein kinase r

Answer 8

Prevents protein synthesis
Binds to viral dsDNA
Stops translation of Viral DNA
Can also phosphorylate elF2

Question 9

2’5’ oligo synthetase

Answer 9

Prevents protein synthesis
Marks viral dsDNA for degredation by RNaseL
No translation

Question 10

MX protein

Answer 10

Prevents assembly
Self assembled into oligomers ring structure around nucleocaspid

Question 11

Nucleoside analogues eg acyclovir

Answer 11

Prevents DNA/RNA replication of herpes simplex virus
Termination of DNA chain due to guanosine analog with missing 3’ hydroxyl group
Only effects viral DNA polymerase

Question 12

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors eg azidothymidine

Answer 12

Prevents DNA/RNA replication of HIV
Thymidine analogue with missing 3’ hydroxyl group so no more nucleotides can bind
Competes for viral and host DNA synthesis so side effects

Question 13

Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors eg nevirapine

Answer 13

Binds and blocks reverse transcriptase directly

Question 14

Neuraminidaze eg oseltamivir

Answer 14

Prevents budding of influenza
Inhibits degredation of connection between virus and cell during budding

Question 15

Inhibitor of HIV protease eg darunavir

Answer 15

Prevents viral maturation
Lodges in active site of HIV protease preventing gap poly protein cleavage

Does not treat, prevents spread