Antiviral drugs Flashcards
Recall the main structural features of a virus
Non-enveloped or has envelope proteins on surface
Capsid surrounding the genetic material of the virus
Lipid envelope
Virus genome comprises of DNA or RNA
What is the drug used in HepB treatment?
Tenofovir
What drugs can be used in HepC treatment?
Ribavirin
Boceprevir
Describe the HIV life cycle
- Attachment and entry: GP120 on HIV molecule binds to CD4 leukocyte and to co-receptors CCR5/CXCR4. GP41 penetrates cell membrane and virus is released.
- Replication: Using reverse transcriptase; RNA -> DNA
- Integration: Use integrate to insert viral DNA into host DNA
Which drugs block attachment and entry of HIV virus?
Enfurvirtide: Binds to HIV GP41 transmembrane glycoprotein
Maraviroc: Binds CCR5 chemokine receptor
What are the nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
Zidovudine
Tenofovir
How do non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work and give an example
They do not require phosphorylation and are not incorporated into the viral DNA.
Changes the shape of the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
Efavirenz
Name an integrase inhibitor
Raltegravir
How do HIV protease inhibitors work and name some
Gag protein makes all the viral proteins.
HIV protease cleaves Gag protein.
HIV protease inhibitors stop viral proteins from being made. e.g. Saquinavir and Ritonavir (booster, inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme and increases levels of saquinavir)
Describe Herpes simplex virus and the treatment
dsDNA virus Surrounded by tegument enclosed in lipid bilayer HSV-1 causes cold sores HSV-2 causes genital herpes Use aciclovir (nucleoside analogue)
Describe Influenza virus and the treatment
Neuroaminidase and haemagglutanin coats the virus
Linear ssRNA
Infects epithelial cells of nose, throat and lungs
Use oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
What are the five main drug categories for targeting HIV?
Drugs that target HIV entry Nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitors Non-nucleoside inhibitors Reverse transcriptase inhibitors Protease inhibitors
