Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

Drawbacks of antiviral drugs? (2)

Answer 1

Replication is intimately associated with normal function of a cell, and many cycles of viral replication are already completed by the time the disease manifests.

Question 2

Amantadine

Answer 2

inhhibits uncoating (early events). Effective vs. influenza A

Question 3

Side effect of amantadine

Answer 3

CNS toxicity

Question 4

Acyclovir

Answer 4

effective against herpers simplex 1 & 2 and chicken pox. oral and topical. (inhibitor of herpes, nucleoside inhibitors)

Question 5

Gancyclovir

Answer 5

effective against CMV & AIDS. (inhibitor of herpes, nucleoside inhibitors)

Question 6

side effects of Gancyclovir

Answer 6

leucopenia & thrombocytopenia

Question 7

Cidofovir

Answer 7

HPV ,CMV (retinitis), moluscum contagiosum. (inhibitor of herpes, nucleoside inhibitors)

Question 8

Ido Dexoy Uridin

Answer 8

topical for HSV keratitis (inhibitor of herpes, nucleoside inhibitors)

Question 9

Triflouro thymidin (viroptic)

Answer 9

latest for HSV keratitis (inhibitor of herpes, nucleoside inhibitors)

Question 10

Foscarnet

Answer 10

inhibits DNA polymerase of all herpers viruses and CMV (useful in CMV retinitis)

Question 11

Azidothymidine

Answer 11

Primary drug for HIV (inhibits retrovirus’ DNA by reverse transcriptase)

Question 12

side effect of Azidothymidine

Answer 12

bone marrow depression

Question 13

Treatment of AIDS?

Answer 13

No single drug; lifelong.

Question 14

Inhibitors of retrovirus (HIV) by reverse transcriptase, Nucleoside inhibitors (3)

Answer 14

Azidothymidine, Stavudine, Lamivudine

Question 15

Inhibitors of retrovirus (HIV) by reverse transcriptase, non-Nucleoside Inhibitors (NNRTI) used in combination with Azidothymidine

Answer 15

Nevirapine, Delavidine, Efaviranz

Question 16

Ribavin

Answer 16

inhibits the synthesis of guanine nucleoside (essential for RNA & DNA viruses)

Question 17

Clinical use of Ribavin

Answer 17

as aerosol in pneumonia caused by respiratory syncital virus (RSV)

Question 18

Interferon

Answer 18

glycoprotein produced by leukocytes during viral infections. Inhibits translation of viral mRNA which prevents viral protein synthesis and multiplication of viruses.

Question 19

When is an Interferon used?

Answer 19

In chronic viral infections (eg. Hep B + C and condyloma – HPV)

Question 20

Fomiversin (Vitravene)

Answer 20

an anti sense DNA molecule (inhibits viral protein synthesis)

Question 21

Inhibitors of protrease enzyme? (4)

Answer 21

Indinavir, Ritonavir, Invirase, Viracept

Question 22

Side effect of protease enzyme inhibitors?

Answer 22

Buffalo hump

Question 23

Protease enzyme inhibitor drugs should always be used with what?

Answer 23

Azidothymidine

Question 24

How do release inhibitors act?

Answer 24

By blocking neuraminidase which is produced by influenza virus. Effective against Influenza A & B.

Question 25

Release inhibitors? (2)

Answer 25

Zanamivir, Tamiflu

Question 26

How to fusion inhibitors work?

Answer 26

block the fusion of enveloped virus on the cell surface.

Question 27

What is a fusion inhibitor drug?

Answer 27

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) for HIV

Question 28

Draw back of Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)?

Answer 28

painful and expensive injection.