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POD Exam #2 > Antiviral Medications > Flashcards

Antiviral Medications Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Acyclovir: MOA

A
  • Phosphorylated by THYMIDINE KINASE
  • Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
  • Chain termination
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2
Q

CSF penetration by Acyclovir

A

Good

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3
Q

Placenta/Umbilical cord penetration (acyclovir)

A

Good

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4
Q

What formulation(s) is Acyclovir available in

A
  • Oral
  • IV
  • Topical
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5
Q

2 side effects mainly associated with IV Acyclovir treatment

A
  • Phlebitis

- Renal Toxicity

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6
Q

Common side effect associated with virtually ALL antiviral medications that are taken orally or IV

A

CNS (headache, hallucinations, seizure)

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7
Q

Main use of acyclovir (3)

A
  • Herpes Simplex
  • Herpes Zoster
  • Viral Encephalitis (IV formulation)
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8
Q

What is acyclovir in-effective in treating

A

Cytomegalovirus

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9
Q

What drug is the “prodrug” of acyclovir

A

Valacyclovir

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10
Q

Valacyclovir: MOA

A

Same as acyclovir, it must go through first pass metabolism however, to become active

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11
Q

What formulation (s) is valacyclovir available in

A

Oral only

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12
Q

2 reasons why valacyclovir is used instead of acyclovir

A
  1. Less frequent dosing

2. Good option if IV access is unavailable or refused by patient

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13
Q

Main use of valacyclovir (2)

A
  • Herpes Simplex

- Herpes Zoster

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14
Q

Ganciclovir: MOA

A

Same as acyclovir

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15
Q

Main use of Ganciclovir (2)

A
  • CMV infections

- Epstein-Barr

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16
Q

T/F Ganciclovir can be used to treat Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster

A

True, works very well. It’s main use however is with CMV and Epstein-Barr infections

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17
Q

Main adverse effect of ganciclovir useage

A

Bone marrow suppression (neutropenia-main) (thrombocytopenia)

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18
Q

What drug is the “prodrug” of ganciclovir

A

Valganciclovir

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19
Q

Main use of Valganciclovir

A

CMV (retinitis and prophylaxis)

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20
Q

Penciclovir: MOA

A

Same as acyclovir

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21
Q

What formulation (s) is penciclovir available in

A

Topical cream only (1%)

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22
Q

Main use of penciclovir (1)

A

-Herpes Simplex (cold sores)

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23
Q

What is the “prodrug” of penciclovir

A

Famciclovir

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24
Q

T/F Famciclovir is only available topically

A

False, oral versions are available

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25
Main use of famciclovir (2)
- Herpes Simplex | - Herpes Zoster
26
Cidofovir: MOA
-Interacts with DNA polymerase
27
T/F cidofovir requires thymidine kinase
False
28
Main adverse reaction associated with cidofovir useage
Nephrotoxicity!!!
29
What must cidofovir be administered with due to its major side effect of nephrotoxicity (2)
1. Saline | 2. Probenecid
30
How often is cidofovir administered
Once weekly
31
Main use of cidofovir (1)
-CMV retinitis in AIDS patients
32
What drug should be tried first before cidofovir or foscarnet should be used
Ganciclovir
33
Foscarnet: MOA
-Competes for pyrophosphate site on DNA polymerase
34
T/F foscarnet requires thymidine kinase
False
35
Main adverse reaction associated with foscarnet usage
Nephrotoxicity!!!
36
Main use of foscarnet (2)
- CMV retinitis in AIDS patients | - Acyclovir resistant Herpes Simplex
37
Interferon: MOA
Unknown
38
What is an interferon
- Produced by cells in the body that have been infected by a virus - IMMUNE SYSTEM IN A BOTTLE
39
Adverse reactions to using interferons
Similar to actually obtaining a viral infection, influenza-like reaction
40
2 types of interferons
Type I and Type II
41
Main use of interferons
Treatment for Hep. B and C infections
42
Type I interferons
alpha: Hep B and C beta: Multiple sclerosis
43
Type II interferons
gamma: Not commercially available
44
Lamivudine: MOA
-Inhibits reverse transcriptase
45
What drug is lamivudine generally combined with
Interferons
46
Main adverse reaction with lamivudine use
BLACK BOX WARNING - Lactic acidosis - Severe Hepatomegaly
47
Main use of lamivudine (2)
- Hep B virus | - HIV
48
Ribavirin: MOA
Unknown
49
Adverse effect with ribavirin use (1)
Anemia
50
Main use of ribavirin (2)
- RSV infections (bronchitis/pneumonia) | - Hep C
51
What age group is ribavirin commonly used in
Children
52
Imiquimod: MOA
Induces local interferon and TNF-alpha release
53
What disease is imiquimod used to treat
Genital warts
54
Amantadine/Rimantidine: MOA
Prevents virus from entering susceptible cells
55
Which drug (amantadine/rimantidine) has worse CNS effects
Amantadine
56
Which drug (amantadine/rimantidine) requires renal adjustment
Amantadine
57
Main use of amantadine/rimantidine (2)
- Prophylaxis of Influenza A | - Treatment of Influenza A
58
To treat influenza A, when does amantadine/rimantidine therapy need to be started
Within first 48 hours of symptoms
59
What other disease has amantadine been shown to treat, however it is not routinely used
Parkinsonism
60
Osteltamivir/Zanamivir: MOA
-Inhibits influenza virus neuroaminidase
61
Neuroaminidase is required for
Release of the virus from infected cells
62
Osteltamivir adverse reaction (1)
GI discomfort (nausea, vomiting, abdomen pain)
63
Zanamivir adverse reaction (2)
- Wheezing | - Bronchospasm
64
What does zanamivir have respiratory system associated reaction?
It is an oral inhalation of dry powder
65
Use of zanamivir is discouraged in what 2 diseases?
- COPD | - Asthma
66
Osteltamivir/Zanamivir is used to treat what
Influenza A and B
67
How helpful are osteltamivir/zanamivir?
Not very, they reduce Flu symptoms 1 day

POD Exam #2 (9 decks)

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