antivirals Flashcards

Question

flu vaccination during vaccine shortage DONT NEED TO KNOW

Answer 1

-Children aged 6 months through 4 years (59 months); -People aged 50 years and older;* -People with chronic pulmonary (including asthma), cardiovascular (except hypertension), renal, hepatic, neurologic, hematologic, or metabolic disorders (including diabetes mellitus); -People who are immunosuppressed (including immunosuppression caused by medications or by Human Immunodeficiency Virus); -Women who are or will be pregnant during the influenza season and women up to two weeks after delivery; -People who are aged 6 months through 18 years and receiving long-term aspirin therapy and who therefore might be at risk for experiencing Reye syndrome after influenza virus infection; -People who are residents of nursing homes and other chronic-care facilities; -American Indians/Alaska Natives; -People with extreme obesity (body-mass index [BMI] is 40 or greater); -Health care personnel; -Household contacts and caregivers of children younger than 5 years and adults aged 50 years and older, with particular emphasis on vaccinating contacts of children aged younger than 6 months; and -Household contacts and caregivers of people with medical conditions that put them at higher risk for severe complications from influenza

Answer 2

-IM -Provide active immunity to influenza virus strains in the vaccine -New vaccine formulated each year, standardized by U.S. Public Health Service -This years vaccine contains an H1N1 strain -Do not use in pts allergic to eggs -All flu vaccines contain small amounts of egg protein -Pts who can tolerate eggs in baked goods can usually tolerate vaccine -Try using vaccine w/ less egg (Agriflu or Fluarix) -ADRs: Local reactions, fever/malaise, allergic reactions. -THE INACTIVATED FLU VACCINE DOES NOT CAUSE THE FLU !!!

Answer 3

-intranasal influenza vaccine -Live attenuated vaccine (LAIV) -> You become a flu carrier -About as effective as IM vaccine -2010 guidelines: can be used in healthy patients aged 2-49 years old. -Not approved in pts > 50 y.o or pts with chronic illness -ADRs: runny nose, nasal congestion, fever, cough, vomiting, sore throat -Very expensive

Answer 4

-MOA: inhibits the replication of the Influenza A virus ONLY!! by blocking the viral membrane matrix protein (M2) -Has been used for prophylaxis if vaccine cannot be tolerated or for treatment. Not recommended per 2009 guidelines. -Has been used to reduce the symptoms of infection and shortens the course of disease. Not recommended per 2009 guidelines. -ADRs: GI effects, CNS side effects: -Examples: -!amantadine PO -!rimantadine PO- has lower incidence of ADRs and no dose adjustment in renal dysfunction -good drugs but not first choice

Answer 5

-Indications: Tx and Prevention of Seasonal Influenza and HIN1 -MOA: blocks neuraminidase, an enzyme needed for viral release from infected cell. -ADRs -N, V, D, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache -Effectiveness: -Decreases the onset of symptoms and shortens duration of illness only if taken within 24 - 48 hrs of symptom onset -Examples: -oseltamivir (Tamiflu) (PO) (for pts >1 y.o) -zanamivir (INH) (for pts> 7 y.o.)- Tablet that must be crushed into a powder -first choice, tx can be worse than the flu -good for if a whole family got sick

Answer 6

-VIRAZOLE -inhalation -Indications: aerosol for severe lower respiratory infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in children. It reduces duration of disease, allows children to be removed from ventilator sooner, improves arterial oxygenation -MOA: Prevents mRNA capping and blocks RNA-dependent polymerase -ADRs serious pulmonary and cardiovascular effects – (apnea, pneumothorax, worsening of resp status and cardiac arrest), conjunctivitis, rash

Answer 7

-SYNAGIS -IM -Recombinant drug – monoclonal antibody -New drug for PREVENTION of serious lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV in infants and children! < 2 y.o. -ADRs – nervousness, fever, fungal dermatitis, eczema, N/V/D, anemia, otitis media, cough, wheezing

Answer 8

-Recombinant DNA technology drug with immunomodulating and antiproliferative effects -Forms – alfa 2a, alfa 2b, pegylated alfa 2a -Can be used in Tx of hepatitis B & C (all forms) -Can also be used in Tx of certain cancers (all forms) and in Tx of anogenital warts (alfa 2a) and -ADRs: hematological toxicity, cardiac arrhythmias, changes in BP, CNS dysfunction, gi distress, chills, fatigue, H/A, myalgia, alopecia

Answer 9

-PO -Given in combo with interferon alpha 2b for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in pts with compensated liver disease -ADRs: CNS side effects (dizziness, H/A, fatigue), alopecia, rash, pruritis, gi effects, bone marrow suppression (all observed when given w/ interferon alfa 2b) -Non FDA Tx – various viruses including west nile, hemorrhagic fever viruses, etc.

Answer 10

-some may also be used for HIV infection -Lamivudine (Epivir) -Adefovir (Hepsera) -Entecavir (Baraclude) -Telbivudine: (Tyzeka)

Answer 11

DONT NEED TO KNOW -drugs we use for B overlap with C

Answer 12

-gardasil -Indicated to prevent diseases caused by HPV virus types 6,11,16 and 18 (cervical cancer & genital warts) in women b/w 9-26 years old. -Given in 3 doses at 0, 2 and 6 months. -ADRs – local reactions, fever -New issues regarding safety of this vaccine reported by VAERS

Answer 13

-RotaTeq -LIVE oral vaccine for rotavirus -Rotavirus most common cause of severe diarrhea and vomiting in young children -Given to infants at age 2, 4 and 6 months -Have been reports of intrasussception with this vaccine

Answer 14

-Not available commercially -Being reserved for distribution in the event of an outbreak -MAY provide early limited protection in the event of a pandemic until a vaccine is developed & produced against the specific pandemic strain of the virus

Answer 15

acyclovir ganciclovir penciclovir docosanol***************

antivirals Flashcards

(39 cards)