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Pharmacology II > Antivirals > Flashcards

Flashcards in Antivirals Deck (21)
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1
Q

Immunological

A

Level of Effectiveness: High
Spectrum: Narrow
Duration: Long

2
Q

Interferon

A

Level of Effectiveness: Moderate/High
Spectrum: Broad
Duration: Short

3
Q

Chemical

A

Level of Effectiveness: Low/Moderate
Spectrum: Narrow
Duration: Short

4
Q

Acyclovir

A

Guanosine nucleoside analog. For Herpes, CMV, Epstein-Barr. Metabolized to mono,di,tri-P to decrease Guanosine for DNA, and incorporate chain termination. Abs. Oral, Topical. Dist. to CSF. Renal E. Tx: mild GI upset, headache, renal toxicity

5
Q

Gancyclovir

A

Guanosine nucleoside analog. For Herpes, CMV. Abs. Oral. Dist. to CSF. Tx: Bone Marrow, CNS, teratogenic (worse side effects than acyclovir, b/c more incorporated into host DNA)

6
Q

Iododeoxyuridine

A

Tymidine analog. For DNA viruses, herpes. Decreases viral DNA synthesis and incorporated into DNA, so it cannot serve as template. Affects mammals too (toxic), limited to topical use.

7
Q

Vidarabine

A

Adenosine analog. DNA viruses, sometimes used with acyclovir. Metabolized to tri-P, and competes with adenine to incorporate into DNA - chain termination.

8
Q

Amantadine

A

Anti Influenza A - Treat and Prevent (prophylaxis). Inhibits M2, blocking viral uncoating. Abs. Oral. Unclear dist. to CSF. Renal E. Tx: Minor GI, CNS (5-33%): nervous, light headed, difficulty concentrating. NOTE: Widespread resistance, limited use.

9
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Anti Influenza A - Treat and Prevent. Inhibits viral neuraminidase (requires confirmational change). Virus accumulates at cell surface - no release. Abs. Oral. Unclear dist. to CSF. Renal E. Tx: Mild GI

10
Q

Zanamivir

A

Anti Influenza A and B - Treat and Prevent. Same mech as Oseltamivir, but no conformational change. Abs. Intranasal or dry powder inhalation (NOT GI). Renal E. Tx: Well tolerated, some wheezing/bronchospasm (rare).

11
Q

Interferons

A

Protective production in response to viral infection. Blocks penetration, uncoating, RNA/protein synthesis. 2 types: Alpha (used most), Beta (most cells produce), Gamma (stimulate T cells). Abs. IV. For Hep B/C. Tx: Fever, chills, headache, BM suppression, CNS: confusion, behavioral changes.

12
Q

Lamivudine

A

Cytidine nucleoside analog. For Hep B. Metabolized to tri-P. Inhibits DNA polymerase and RT (against HIV) - chain termination. Abs. Oral to total body water. Renal E. Tx: Mild liver.

13
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

A

Thymidine Analog. RT inhibitor: Incorporates into DNA - causes premature termination. Abs. Oral. Liver metabolism, Renal E. Tx: Fatigue, nausea, headache, anemia.

14
Q

Nevirapine

A

RT Inhibitor: Does not cause premature termination. Abs. Oral. Tx: Rash, fever, fatigue, nausea, liver toxicity. (Effective when there is resistance to AZT).

15
Q

Efavirenz

A

RT Inhibitor: Does not cause premature termination. Abs. Oral. Tx: CNS: 50% - impaired concentration, abnormal dreams, headache, dizzyness. 5% - must stop and have rash. (Effective when there is resistance to AZT).

16
Q

Atazanavir and Indinavir

A

Protease Inhibitor: Stop cleavage of viral proteins to active enzymes, block viral maturation. Antimetabolite. Inhibits Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism. (Can inhibit metabolism of many drugs).

17
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Entry Inhibitor: Blocks fusion of virus and host. Binds gp41 on virus. Abs. subQ.

18
Q

Maraviroc

A

Entry Inhibitor: Blocks fusion of virus and host. Binds host CCR5. Not effective agains HIV that targets CXCR4. Abs. Oral.

19
Q

Raltegravir

A

Integrase Inhibitor: Inhibits integration of RT HIV DNA into Host DNA. Binds HIV integrase and inhibits DNA strand transfer.

20
Q

Simeprevir (Olysio)

A

Protease Inhibitor: Prevents viral maturation. Treats Hep C. Used in combo w/ Ribavirin or Interferon. Very Expensive.

21
Q

Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)

A

Nucleotide analong, inhibits viral RNA polymerase. Pro-drug, nucleoside metabolized to tri-P (active form). Treats Hep C. Used in combo w/ Ribavirin or Interferon. Very Expensive.