antivirals Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
what kind of agents are used to treat herpes infection
A
(DNA viruses) ciclovirs, cyclovirs
2
Q
ciclovirs and cyclovirs are all _____
A
enzyme inhibitors
inhibit viral DNA polymerase
3
Q
herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus
A
acyclovir
valacyclovir
famciclovir
4
Q
these herpes drugs are highly specific for viral enzymes T.F
A
true
5
Q
most prescribed antiviral
A
acyclovir
6
Q
acyclovir is a _____
A
prodrug
7
Q
acyclovir MOA
A
must be phosphoylated by viral kinase. active form incorporated into DNA virus and inhibits viral DNA polymerase.
8
Q
S.E. of acyclovir
A
Gi upset
renal damage
CNS problems- deliaria when IV
9
Q
valacyclovir is a _____
A
prodrug
10
Q
valacyclovir MOA
A
metabolized by first pass metabolism to acyclovir
11
Q
how do you give valacyclovir?
A
orally
12
Q
famciclovir is a ____
A
prodrug
13
Q
famciclovir is converted to what
A
acyclovir analog
14
Q
cytomegalovirus can cause what
A
CMV retinitis/ blindness
15
Q
agents used to treat cytomegalovirus are all what
A
enzyme inhibitors, inhibits viral DNA polymerase
16
Q
cytomegalovirus agents
A
ganciclovir
valganciclovir
cidofovir
foscarnet
17
Q
ganciclovir and valganciclovir are what
A
prodrugs
18
Q
T/F cidofovir is a prodrug
A
FALSE
19
Q
how is ganciclovir activated
A
by viral kinase
20
Q
S.E. of ganciclovir
A
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
teratogen
21
Q
valganciclovir is converted to what by viral kinase
A
ganciclovir
22
Q
T/F foscarnet does not need to be phosphylated
A
TRUE
23
Q
foscarnet MOA
A
directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase
24
Q
S.E. of foscarnet
A
Nephrotoxicity, given IV 3 times per day
25
how is foscarnet given?
IV 3 times per day
26
should you use foscarnet with other nephrotoxic drugs?
NO
27
cidofovir is different in terms of activation how?
phosphylated by HOST cell kinase, which is not as good.
28
S.E. of cidofovir
nephrotoxicity
29
what kind of viruses are Hep B virus
DNA virus that replicate through RNA intermediate. DNA to RNA to DNA
30
hep B viral agents work how
inhibit enzyme, reverse transcriptase.
31
agents used to treat Hep B
```
LATTE
Lamivudine
adefovir
telbivudine
tenofovir
entecavir
```
32
S.E. of adefovir
liver damage
33
telbivudine, tenofovir, and entecavir all used for what
HIV treatment
34
discontinuing drugs used for Hep B can lead to what
flare up
35
S.E. of agents used to HIV treatment, telbivudine, tenofovir, entecavir
lactic acidosis
| hepatomegaly
36
RNA viruses
respiratory syncitial virus
| influenza virus A and B
37
most common cause of pnemonia in kids less than one year old is what
respiratory syncitial virus
38
RSV agents
ribavirin
| palivizumab
39
ribavirin MOA
inhibits RNA dependent DNA polymerase
40
ribavirin used for what
severe lower respiratory tract infecetion
41
S.E. of ribavirin
preg catagory X
hemolytic anemia
decrease pulmonary function in infants
cardiac arrest
42
palivisumab MOA
blocks fusion of virus with target cell.
43
ribavirin and palivisumab are both really
expensive
44
paliviszumab only used ____
prophylactically - baby born from mother with RSV
45
inflenza A virus agents
amantadine
rimantadine
also used in parkinsons
46
rimantadine/amatadine MOA
blocks transporter/ ion channel (H+ channel)
47
S.E. of amantadine and rimantadine
renal failure
teratogen
CNS effects- dizziness, confusion, seizures, nausea
48
influenza A and B viruses agents
zanamivir
| oseltamivir
49
zanamivir
| oseltamivir MOA
inhibit neuraminidase (keeps bond from being broken, virus cant release from host cell) no spread of infection
50
S.E. of zanamivir
| oseltamivir
nausea, diarrhea, psychosis, hallucinations
51
single most cause of liver disease is what
hepatitis virus
52
hepatitis virus agents
recombinant interferon alpha
53
recombinant interferon alpha is a ______
cytokine, multiple MOA
54
recombinant interferon alpha does what to immune cell function
enhances
55
recombinant interferon alpha MOA
enhances immune cell functions
| inhibits mRNA processing by ribosome- decreases virus synthesis
56
S.E. of recombinant interferon alpha
```
fatigue
flu like symptoms
depression
hypertension
retinopathy
mylosuppression
```
57
other hepatitis agents
boceprevir
telaprevir
simeprevir
sofosbuvir
58
boceprevir
telaprevir
simeprevir all have same MOA what is it
Hep C virus protease inhibitor
59
how are all of these drugs used?
boceprevir
telaprevir
simeprevir,
in combination with interferon alpha
60
sofosbuvir is a _____
prodrug
61
sofosbuvir MOA
inhibits hep C virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase
62
what is the newest/best treatment for hep C
ledipasvir + sofosbuvir
63
ledipasvir MOA
binds to protein, necessary for hep C virus replication and prevents its activity.
64
HIV agents called Nucleoside analog reverse transcrpitase inhibitors (NRTI) also NNRTI's
```
DAZLEST
Didanosine
abacavir
zidovuldine
lamivudine
emtricitabine
stavudine
telbivudine
```
65
NRTI's are all
enzyme inhibitors
66
all NRTI's can cause
hepatomegaly and lactic acidosis
67
other S.E. of NRTI's
muscle damage
anemias
pancratitis
some neuro pathities
68
all NRTI's are _____ in the cell
phosphylated
69
what is a NRTI that is already phosphylated but has same side effects
tenofovir
70
non nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors NNRTI 1st gen
nevirapine
efavirenz
delavirdine
71
NNRTI 2nd gen
etravirine
| rilpivirine
72
nevirapine MOA
binds to non active sites on RT
73
S.E. of nevirapine
hepatoxicity, steve johnson syndrome
74
delavirdine S.E.
inhibits P450, same S.E. as above
75
efavirenz S.E.
CNS toxicity, hallucinations, memory loss, rash
76
how are 2nd gen better than 1st gen
more potent, longer t 1/2, less S.E.
77
protease inhibitors
prevent formation of active viral proteins from their peptide precursors
78
protease inhibitor agents
```
saquinavir
ritonavir
"navir" and the end
tipranavir
fosamprenavir
```
79
most "navir"s inhibit what
P450
80
how do you use these protease inhibitors
use with ritonavir, decreases dose of drug needed. and also always used with RT inhibitors
81
saquinavir administration problems
given orally but doesnt absorb well at atll. 4%. have to take 18 pills a day.
82
ritonavir most known for
most potent P450 inhibitor
83
what drug is the most potent P450 inhibitor
ritonavir
84
tipranavir and fosamprenavir contain what
sulfur molecules, could cause allergic reactions.
85
S.E. of all protease inhibitors like ritonavir and other "navir"
inhibit P450
alter fat distribution (like glucocorticoid guy)
increase diabetes
86
Fusion inhibitors agents
enfuvirtide
| maraviroc
87
enfuvirtide MOA
binding to specific site on virus that binds to target, prevents fusion
88
enfuvirtide S.E.
INSOMNIA
89
how do you give enfuvirtide
injection, two times a day
90
maravioc MOA
blocks binding site on macrophage
91
S.E. of maravioc
hepatotoxicity
allergic reactions
increase heart attack
92
integrase inhibitor work how
inhibits HIV-1 integrase- dont get insertion of viral genes in human genome
93
integrase inhibitor agents
reltegravir
| "tegravir"
94
what is HAART stand for
highly activated antiretroviral therapy
95
what is HAART
combination therapy
1/2 protease inhibitors
1/2 RT inhibitors and maybe 1 fusion inhibitor
