anus Flashcards
Rectum length:
12 cm long
Internal sphincter
under involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system
External sphincter
surrounds the internal sphincter; under voluntary control
Prostate:
In front of anterior wall of rectum
2 cm behind symphysis pubis
Surrounds bladder neck and urethra
Secretes thin, milky alkaline fluid that helps sperm viability
2 seminal vesicles project above prostate
Uterine cervix:
Lies in front of anterior rectal wall
Anal canal and rectum length:
16 cm
Sigmoid colon:
S-shaped course in pelvic cavity from iliac flexure of descending colon and ends at rectum
40 cm long
Infant: DC
stool after each feeding
After eating—wave of peristalsis—gastrocolic reflex—continues throughout life but children and adults usually have 1-2 stools/day.
Children: DC
Voluntary control of external sphincter not achieved until 1½ to 2 years.
Male puberty—DC
prostate gland—rapid increase to greater than twice its prepubertal size
Prostate gland:
Prostate gland enlarges during middle adult years;
1 in 10 males have BPH at 40 years.
Family history—SD
polyps; cancer; inflammatory bowel disease; prostate cancer
SD
Usual bowel routine Change in bowel habits Rectal bleeding, blood in the stool OR ? clay-colored, mucus/pus, frothy, increased gas Medications Rectal conditions—pruritis; hemorrhoids Family history Diet--? High fiber Date of last digital rectal exam, stool blood test, colonoscopy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test
Inspect: the perianal area:
—have client do Valsalva maneuver
Inflammation, lesions, scars
Linear split—fissure
Flabby skin sac—hemorrhoid
Shiny blue skin sac—thrombosed hemorrhoid
Small, round opening in anal area—fistula
Circular red doughnut of tissue—rectal prolapse
Describe abnormal findings using:
clock-face terms—12 o’clock facing symphysis pubis
