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anxiety Flashcards

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1
Q

opens Na or Ca channels / influx—–depolarization [more positive] —–nerve impulse

A

EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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2
Q

opens Cl channels——hyperpolarization [more negative] —–No nerve impulse

A

INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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3
Q

Examples of Excitatory Neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Aspartate

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4
Q

Examples of Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

A

Glycine
Gamma amino-butyric acid [GABA]

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5
Q

It is a drug used to produce mental relaxation, and to reduce the desire for physical activity.

A

SEDATIVE

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6
Q

It is a drug to induce and maintain sleep.

A

HYPNOTICS

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7
Q

It is a common psychiatric condition

A

ANXIETY

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8
Q

It refers to many states in which the sufferer experiences a sense of impending [or upcoming] threat, or doom that is not well defined or reastically based.

A

ANXIETY

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9
Q

Anxiety is usually accompanied by symptoms such as:

A

Tachycardia, Palpitations, Tachypnea, Sweating, Trembling and Weakness.

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10
Q

Types of Anxiety

A

Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
Social Phobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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11
Q

It refers to recurrent unexpected panic attacks that can occur with agoraphobia in which patients fear places in which escape might be difficult.

A

PANIC DISORDER

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12
Q

It refers to intense fear of particular objects or situations [e.g. Snakes, heights] - most common disorder.

A

Specific Phobia

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13
Q

It refers to intense fear of being scrutinized in social or public situations [e.g. speaking in class, giving a speech.]

A

SOCIAL PHOBIA

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14
Q

It refers to intense pervasive worry over virtually every aspect of life.

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

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15
Q

It refers to persistent re-experience of a trauma, efforts to avoid recollecting the trauma, and hyper arousal.

A

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

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16
Q

It refers to recurrent obsessions and compulsions that cause significant distress and occupy a significant portion of one’s life.

A

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

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17
Q

Treatment for Anxiety

A

Psychotherapy
Drugs - Benzodiazepines, Beta-blockers, SSRIs, TCAs

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18
Q

It is the most widely used anxiolytic

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

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19
Q

It has benzene ring [A] fused to a seven-membered diazepine ring [B]

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

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20
Q

It is called minor tranquilizers

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

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21
Q

Short-Acting Benzodiazepines Duration of Action

A

2-8 hours

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22
Q

Examples of Short-Acting Benzodiazepines

A

Clonazepam [Klonopin, Rivotril] Oxazepam [Serax]
Triazolam [ Halcion]
Midazolam [Versed, Dormicum]

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23
Q

Intermediate-Acting Benzodiazepines Duration of Action

A

10-20 hours

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24
Q

Examples of Intermediate-Acting Benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam [Ativan]
Alprazolam [Xanax, xanor] Termazepam [Restoril]

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25
Long-Acting Benzodiazepines Duration of Action
1 to 3 days
26
Examples of Long-Acting Benzodiazepines
Diazepam {Valium, Anxionil} Flurazepam {Dalmane} Chlordaiazepoxide
27
Drugs for Anxiety (Benzodiazepines)
Alprazolam, Diazepam
28
Drugs for Seizures (Benzodiazepines)
Diazepam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam
29
Drugs for Seizures (Benzodiazepines)
Diazepam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam
30
Drugs for Insomnia (Benzodiazepines)
Flurazepam, Midazolam
31
Drugs for Pre-Operative Sedation (Benzodiazepines)
Midazolam
32
Side Effects of Benzodiazepines
Drowsiness, Dependence Respiratory depression [_+ethanol other CNS depressants]
33
Antidote [For overdose]
Flumazenil [Anexate] - which is GABA receptor antagonist
34
It is the former DOC for anxiety, and insomnia
BARBITURATES
35
The derivative of barbituric acid is 2&4
BARBITURATES
36
BARBITURATES MOA - Barbiturates increase the duration of GABA mediated chloride ion channel opening.
37
Classifications of Benzodiazepines
SHORT-ACTING INTERMEDIATE-ACTING LONG-ACTING
38
Classifications of Barbiturates
Ultra-Short Acting Short-Acting Long-Acting
39
Ultra Short-Acting Barbiturates Duration of Action
20 mins
40
Short-Acting Barbiturates Duration of Action
3-8 hours
41
Long-Acting Barbiturates Duration of Action
1-2 days
42
Examples of Ultra Short-Acting Barbiturates
Thiopental [Pentothal]
43
Examples of Short-Acting Barbiturates
Pentobarbital [Nembutal] Amobarbital [Amytal]
44
Examples of Long-Acting Barbiturates
Phenobarbital [Luminal]
45
Barbiturates used for the Induction of anesthesia
Thiopental
46
Barbiturates used for Seizures in children
Phenobarbital
47
Barbiturates used for anxiety
Phenobarbital Amobarbital
48
Barbiturates Side Effects
Drowsiness, Dependence, Respiratory Depression, Paradoxical Excitation
49
It is a serotonin agonist - non-sedating, no dependence
BUSPIRONE [Buspar]
50
It is not a Bz but acts on Bz receptor
Zolpidem [Ambien, Stilnox]
51
- Knock out drops - Converted to trichloroethanol [active] - For preoperative sedation
CHLORAL HYDRATE
52
Examples of Antihistamines
- Diphenhydramine [Benadryl] - Doxylamine [Unison] - Hydroxyzine [Atarax, Iterax]
53
It is a condition that affects the way your brain processes information. It causes you to lose touch with reality.
PSYCHOSIS
54
Psychosis is a symptom, not an illness. A mental or physical illness, substance abuse, or extreme stress or trauma can cause it.
55
It involves psychosis that usually affects you for the first time in the late teen years or early adulthood. Young people are especially likely to get it, but doctors don’t know why.
Psychotic Disorders like Schizophrenia
56
Even before what doctors call the first episode of psychosis (FEP), you may show slight changes in the way you act or think. This is called the ____ and could last days, weeks, months, or even years.
PRODROMAL PERIOD
57
Sometimes you can lose touch with reality even when you don’t have a primary psychotic illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. When this happens, it's called ____
SECONDARY PSYCHOSIS
58
Hearing voices when no one is around
AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
59
Strange sensations or feelings you can’t explain.
TACTILE HALLUCINATIONS
60
You see people or things that aren’t there, or you think the shape of things looks wrong.
VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS
61
Beliefs that aren’t in line with your culture and that don’t make sense to others.
DELUSIONS
62
Causes of Psychosis
Genetics Drugs Trauma Injuries and Illnesses Overall Cause
63
You can have the genes for it, but that doesn’t always mean you’ll get psychosis.
Genetics
64
Triggers include some prescription medications and abuse of alcohol or drugs like marijuana, LSD, and amphetamines.
Drugs
65
The death of a loved one, a sexual assault, or war can lead to psychosis. The type of trauma and the age you were when it happened also play a role.
TRAUMA
66
Traumatic brain injuries, brain tumors, strokes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and HIV can all bring on psychosis.
Illnesses and Injuries
67
A disturbance in Dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter of the basal ganglia responsible for movement and skeletal muscle tone.
Overall Cause
68
Butyrophenones antipsychotic drugs
Haloperidol - antipsychotic; antimanic
69
Dibensoxazepines antipsychotic drugs
Loxapine - antipsychotic
70
Dihydroindolones antipsychotic drugs
Molindone - antipsychotic
71
Phenothiazines antipsychotic drugs
Chlorpromazine - antipsychotic, antiemetic Prochlorperazine - antiemetic Promethazine - antihistaminic (colds, motion sickness) Thioridazine - antipsychotic Trifluoperazine - antipsychotic Triflupromazine - antipsychotic, antiemetic
72
Thioxanthenes antipsychotic drugs
Chlorprothixene - antipsychotic Thiothixene - antipsychotic
73
It is the first phenothiazine discovered
CHLORPROMAZINE
74
Therapeutic effects of Phenothiazines are:
- Anticholinergic - Antihistaminic - Alpha-adrenergic blocking - Antiemetic
75
Minor Adverse Effects of Phenothiazines???
Dry mouth [Xerostomia] Constipation Visual disturbances [anticholinergic effects]
76
Major Adverse Effects of Phenothiazines??? (Concerns Neurological Conditions)
Akathisia Dystonic Reaction Parkinsonism Tardive Dyskinesia
77
It refers to continuous movement where the individual is restless and continuously paces about.
Akathisia
78
It is characterized by muscle spasms, twitching, facial grimacing and torticollis [wryneck].
Dystonic Reaction
79
It is referred as extrapyramidal symptoms involves development of muscular rigidity, tremors and other disturbances of movement.
Parkinsonism
80
It is referred as extrapyramidal symptoms involves development of muscular rigidity, tremors and other disturbances of movement.
Parkinsonism
81
It usually develops after long term antipsychotic therapy that involves involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, tongue and extremities.
Tardive dyskinesia

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