anxiety disorder Flashcards
Physiological effects of anxiety
Fear, breathlessness, choking sensation, palpitations of the heart, restlessness, increased muscular tension
Sympathetic vs parasympathetic
Sympathetic- fight, fright, flight, freeze
Parasympathetic- rest and digest
in the belly
Amygdala
epicenter of anxiety response
in the limbic system at the base of hippocampus
A central theme in psychiatry
psychiatric disorder most commonly are normal mental processes and behaviors that have become exaggerated, disrupting homeostasis
They cause distress and dysfunction
Generalized anxiety disorder
Diagnostic Criteria: Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activites (such as work or school performance),
The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.
The anxiety and worry are associated with three or more of the following (only 1 is needed for children)
Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge, Being easily fatigued, difficuly concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
The anxiety, worry or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impaired in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning
the disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (drugs of abuse, a medication), or another medical condition (hyperthyroidism
The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder
panic disorder
recurrent unexpected panic attacks
Panic attack- an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, adn during which 4 + sx occur (palpitations, pounding heart, accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling or shaking. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering, feelings of choking. chest pain or discomfort, nausea or abdominal distress, feeling dizzy, unsteady , light headedness, or faint, chills ore heat sensations, parasthesias (numbness or tingling sensation), derealization ( fealings of unreality), or depersonalization being detached from oneself, feer of losing control or going crazy
Culture specific symptoms- tinnitus, neck soreness, headaches, uncontrollable screening or crying may be seen. such symptoms should not count as one of the four required symptoms
At least one has been followed by 1 month or more of one or both of the following
Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences (losing control, having a heart attack, going crazy)
A significant maladaptive change in behavior relate dto the attacks (behaviors designed to avoid having panic attacks, such as avoidance of exercise or unfamiliar situations
The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (drug of abuse, a medication or antother emd contition
social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others (social interactions, being observed, performing in front of others)- in kids must occur in peer settings and not just during interactions with adults
The individual fears that they will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated
The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context
The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more
specific phobia
Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation, the phobia provokes fear or anxierty
The phobia is aactively avoided or endured with intense fear
the fear/anxiety is out of proportion, persistent typically lasing 6 moths or more
OCD
Presence of obsessions, compulsions or both
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are experienced at some time during the disturbance as intrusive and unwanted and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress
The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges or images or to neutralize them with some other thought or action
Compulsions- repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the idiividual does in response to an obsession
The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress
They are time consuming
Post traumatic stress disorder
Criteria A- exposure to actual or threatened death directly or though learning
Criteria B- presence of one or more intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic events begining after the trama occured0 recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memorie of the trama
Criteria C- persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, internal and external
Criterion D- neg alteration in cognition and mood associatied with the traumatic event
Criteria E- marked alteration in arousal and reactivity
Treatment biopsychosocial model of anxiety
Social treatments: psychoeducation, support network
Psychological treatment- diaphragmatic breathing, graded exposure, coping mechanisms
Biological treatments- pharmacology
Biofeedback, surgery, TMS
gradual exposure response, Cognitive behavioral therapy
