ANXIETY DISORDERS Flashcards
(23 cards)
anxiety disorders: Panic disorder
symptoms:
- Unexpected panic attacks, in the absence of triggers
- Persistent concern about additional panic attacks and / or maladaptive change in behaviour related to their attacks
- Tachycardia
- sweating
- shaking dyspnoea
- chest pain
- dizziness
- nausea
- tingling along with a sense of depersonalisation (feeling detached from oneself).
- Unexpected panic attacks, in the absence of triggers
- Persistent concern about additional panic attacks and / or maladaptive change in behaviour related to their attacks
- Tachycardia
- sweating
- shaking dyspnoea
- chest pain
- dizziness
- nausea
- tingling along with a sense of depersonalisation (feeling detached from oneself).
anxiety disorders: Panic disorder
symptoms:
- Unexpected panic attacks, in the absence of triggers
- Persistent concern about additional panic attacks and / or maladaptive change in behaviour related to their attacks
- Tachycardia
- sweating
- shaking dyspnoea
- chest pain
- dizziness
- nausea
- tingling along with a sense of depersonalisation (feeling detached from oneself).
anxiety disorder: Social phobia (SAD)
symptoms:
- Marked, unreasonable fear or anxiety about social situations in which there is possible exposure to scrutiny by others
- Active avoidance of feared situation
- Fear of losing control of their bodies
anxiety disorder: agoraphobia
symptoms:
- fear of shopping centres
- crowded areas
- open spaces
- Active avoidance of feared situation due to thinking that escape might be difficult or help unavailable If panic-like symptoms occur
anxiety disorder: specific phobia
SYMPTOMS:
Marked, unreasonable fear or anxiety about a specific object
or situation, which is actively avoided (e.g. flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood)
anxiety disorder: adjustment disorder (AD)
SYMPTOMS:
Development of emotional or behavioural symptoms occurring within three months of the onset of a stressor (not including normal bereavement)
Distress is noted to be out of proportion to the severity or intensity of the stressor
anxiety disorder: Post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)
SYMPTOMS:
- Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violation
- Intrusion symptoms (e.g. distressing memories or dreams, flashbacks, intense distress) and avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
- Negative alterations in cognitions and mood (e.g. negative beliefs and emotions, detachment), as well as marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (e.g. irritable behaviour, hypervigilance)
anxiety disorder: Obsessive compulsive disorder
(OCD)
SYMPTOMS:
Obsessions: recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted and that cause marked anxiety or distress
Anxiety disorder: Generalised anxiety disorder
(GAD)
SYMPTOMS:
Excessive, difficult-to-control anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) about multiple events or activities (e.g. school/ work difficulties)
Accompanied by symptoms such as restlessness/ feeling on edge or muscle tension
Treatment and nursing interventions for panic disorder
CBT, which can be delivered through online or in face-to-face sessions
SSRIS
benzodiazepines
treatment and nursing interventions for social phobia (SAD)
Treatment for SAD depends on the severity of symptoms and whether comorbid conditions such as depression or another anxiety disorder are present
CBT with administration of either an SSRI or a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
treatment and nursing interventions for agoraphobia
perform a suicide risk assessment
treatment and nursing interventions for specific phobia
Treatments indications depend on the level of severity and impairment in functioning
For subclinical or mild symptoms, monitoring and face-to-face or online psychoeducation through CBT tools
Benzodiazepines considered only in cases of acute treatment – for example, if someone has a needle phobia and requires medical intervention using needles
treatment and nursing interventions for adjustment disorder (AD)
Cognitive behavioural, mindfulness-based and solution-focused therapies
treatment and nursing interventions for acute stress disorder (ASD)
Treatment of ASD are similar to those of PTSD, with trauma-focused CBT recommended as a first-line treatment
Treatment and nursing interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Trauma-focused psychological interventions such as eye movement desensitisation reprocessing (EMDR)
Trauma-focused CBT
SSRIS can be used if a consumer does not wish to engage in or is not finding benefit from psychological therapies
treatment and nursing interventions for Obsessive compulsive disorder
(OCD)
Combination of mediation
Concurrent talking therapies due to the severity of symptoms
A specific type of CBT talking therapy for OCD
Pharmacotherapy options include SSRIs for higher doses than prescribed depression as a first-line treatment
treatment and nursing interventions for generalised anxiety disorder
(GAD)
A stepped-care approach with education and active monitoring in the first instance; non-facilitated self-help, guided self-help or psychoeducational group work as a second step; individual psychological intervention using cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or applied relaxation or pharmacological treatment such as an SSRI as a third step; and a combination of both psychological and pharmacological intervention as a fourth step
Outline the causes (key points and theories) of anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders are formed by normal internal experiences that occur in response to a stressor. A stressor can be defined as any internal or external stimulus that promotes a stress response within a person. Historically, humans have been exposed to numerous life-threatening situations on a regular basis from tribal warfare to naturally occurring environment hazards such as famine. A stress response is for the purpose of survival as the human brain has developed the capability to learn and store information to aid timely responses in the face of threats. Human behaviour is shaped by our stress response system, and it is this system that is implicated in developing anxiety disorders and most other mental health disorders
panic attack
SYMPTOMS:
Intense physiological anxiety symptoms are experienced (tachycardia, sweating, shaking, dyspnoea, chest pain, dizziness, nausea, tingling), along with a sense of depersonalisation (feeling detached from oneself)
nursing management:
Intervention of CBT
Self help
cognitive behavioural therapy
CBT have different approaches for individuals who are experiencing a mental health illness
Exposure:
- encourages patients to face fears
- patients learn corrective information through experience
- extinction of fear occurs through repeated
anti-depressants
Enhances the transmission of these neurochemicals in a number of ways: they block the reuptake of the neurotransmitters at the synapse inhibit their metabolism and destruction and / or enhance the activity of the receptors. The action of these medications at the synapse is immediate but it takes several weeks for antidepressants to have an effect on mood.
mood stabilisers
lithium, a naturally occurring salt, is the medication of for the treatment of acute mania and for the ongoing maintenance of consumers with a history of mania.
