Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Features of Anxiety disorders?

Answer 1

Characteristic clinical course
Familial Pattern
Disrupted Brain Circuits
Selective Drug Responses

Question 2

Are anxiety disorders based in genetics or developmental factors

Answer 2

Both

Genetic, Developmental, and Early life trauma

Question 3

What brain components are influenced in patients with anxiety disorders?

Answer 3

Limbic deep brain sites

Site of emotional experience and some memory

Question 4

Three ways to treat anxiety disorders.

Answer 4

Strengthening of the prefrontal cortex (Cognitive Therapy)
Increased Serotonin Levels (Antidepressants)
Increased GABA inhib. in amygdala and hippocampus (benzodiazepines)

Question 5

Two types of psychological therapy for anxiety disorders.

Answer 5

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Mindfulness-Acceptane Based Therapies

Question 6

Three specific types of pharmacological interventions for anxiety disorders.

Answer 6

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Benzodiazepines

Question 7

Effects of Wellbutrin

Answer 7

Increased levels of NE and Dopamine

Question 8

Effects of Effexor

Answer 8

Increased levels of NE and Serotonin

Question 9

Effects of SSRI

Answer 9

Increased levels of Serotonin

Question 10

Effects of MAOIs?

Answer 10

Increase NE, Dopamine, and Serotonin

Just like Cocaine and Ectasy

Question 11

Risk of MAOIs?

Answer 11

Increased hypertension and tachycardia

Question 12

What is a panic attack?

Answer 12

Development of sudden, intense fear and discomfort

Peaks in 10 minutes

Question 13

of symptoms required for a full panic attack? What if its less than that #?

Answer 13

At least four

“Limited symptom attack”

Question 14

Common symptoms of a panic attack?

Answer 14

Tachycardia, SOB, Chest Pain
Nausea
Sweating
Shaking
Dizziness
Numbness, tingling
Fear
Depersonalization
Chills/Hot Flashes.

Question 15

What is Panic Disorder?

Answer 15

Recurrent, Unexpected Panic Attacks
Attack followed by concern/behavior change for at least a month
No organic cause or other psychiatric disorder

Question 16

When does panic disorder typically onset?

Answer 16

Teenage/Early Adult Years

Question 17

Panic Disorders are associated with what other phychological conditions?

Answer 17

Agoraphobia, Depression, Alcohol Abuse

Question 18

Pathophysiology of panic disorders?

Answer 18

Dysregulation of the limbic system leading to uncontrolled or inappropriate fight or flight responses.

Question 19

Broad explanation of panic disorder treatment?

Answer 19

Cognitive behavior therapy and pharmalogical intervention

Question 20

Pharmacological intervention for panic disorder may include…

Answer 20

SSRIs
Tricyclic antidepressants
Benzodiazepines
MAOIs

Question 21

Two primarily used SSRIs?

Answer 21

Sertraline and Paroxetine

Question 22

Which disorder typically requires a larger dose of SSRIs, Panic Disorder or Depression

Answer 22

Depression

Question 23

Comorbidities for panic disorder?

Answer 23

Depression
Agoraphobia
Alcohol Abuse
Personality Disorders
Other Anxiety disorders

Question 24

Criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder.

Answer 24

Marked fear of social situations
Fear is excessive
Persists more than 6 months
Significantly interferes with normal life
Not due to another condition

Question 25

Most common gender, age for social anxiety disorder diagnosis.

Answer 25

Female | 11-15 years

Question 26

Criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 26

Excessive Anxiety of Worry about a number of events or activities for 6 months. Associated symptoms Clinically significant impairment

Question 27

What are the six GAD associated symptoms?

Answer 27

``` Restlessness/On Edge Easily Fatigued Difficulty Concentrating Irritability Muscle Tension Sleep Disturbance ```

Question 28

Difference between early and late onset GAD?

Answer 28

Early: Before 20, more female, always anxious Late: Adult onset, no gender assoc., caused by stressful event

Question 29

Pharmacotherapy for GAD?

Answer 29

Benzodiazepines Azospirones (Buspirone) Antidepressants (SSRIs)

Question 30

Symptoms you would use to diagnose OCD?

Answer 30

Obsessions and Compulsions that cause significant disability or discomfort lasting for at least 1 hour per day

Question 31

What gender is most commonly afflicted with OCD?

Answer 31

Male

Question 32

Pathophysiology of OCD?

Answer 32

Downregulation of the extrapyramidal/basal ganglia pathway

Question 33

Treatment for OCD?

Answer 33

SSRIs | Behavior Therapy

Question 34

What is trauma?

Answer 34

Typically -- a life threatening or potentially life threatening event. Most critical elements are a sense of horror and helplessness

Question 35

DSM V Criteria for PTSD

Answer 35

Severe trauma followed by 1 month of symptoms Re-experiencing the trauma Avoidance of situations/memories Negative alterations in cognition or mood Symptoms of disturbed arousal

Question 36

Treatment for PTSD?

Answer 36

SSRIs Anticonvulsants Therapy