Anxiety exam 1

Question 1

What is the core process of all anxiety

Answer 1

1. A Safe stimulus is misperceived as dangerous
2. Leading to unnecessary anxiety
3. Avoidance or escape behaviors that perpetuate the problem

Question 2

What are some cultural factors that effect the display of emotions?

Answer 2

• Display rules
• Tolerance/intolerance of emotions/strong affect
• Acceptability of help seeking behavior
• Perceived social response to stress/disability
• Attitudes toward authority

Question 3

Anxiety vs. Panic:

Answer 3

Anxiety: apprehension, worry, tension
Panic: Strong autonomic arousal, fight or flight

Question 4

What are shared etiological factors of MDD and Anxiety Disorders?

Answer 4

Low SES, family dysfunction, peer problems, parental psychiatric disorders, severely stressful
life events

Question 5

What is the causal model that connects MDD and Anxiety?

Answer 5

Anxiety disorder cause, or lowers the threshold for, the expression of a
depressive disorder

Question 6

What are some of the biggest barriers to treatment for anxiety disorders

Answer 6

• Shame and stigma cited as biggest barriers
• Other barriers include: financial barriers and not knowing where to seek treatment
• Minority status

Question 7

What are some vulnerability factors for anxiety?

Answer 7

Genetics/temperament
- Trait anxiety

Prior learning history

• Direct learning
• Vicarious learning
• Transmission of information
• Perceptions of controllability of env

Question 8

What are stress factors that create anxiety?

Answer 8

• Perceptions of controllability of stressful events
• Direct or vicarious traumatic conditioning
• Evolutionary preparedness
• Timing/priming

Question 9

What are maintenance factors for anxiety?

Answer 9

• Anxiety sensitivity
• Safety behaviors (escape & inferential conditioning)
• Mental rehearsal of the conditioned fear
• Re-sensitization experiences
• Emotional reasoning & misinformation about threat
• Stigmatization & shame
• Skill deficits (e.g. assertiveness)

Question 10

For what disorders is shame most implicated?

Answer 10

GAD, OCD, SAD

Question 11

What factors contribute to real alarm appriasal?

Answer 11

• Anxiety sensitivity
• shame/stigmatization
• perfectionism
• intolerance of uncertainty
• low self-efficacy

Question 12

What are the keys to maximizing the effectiveness of exposure?

Answer 12

○ Expectancy violation
○ Combining multiple fear cues
○ Context variability