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English Lang > AO1 terminology > Flashcards

AO1 terminology Flashcards

1
Q

what are open word classes?

A

continually changing words eg nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs

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2
Q

common noun

A

general idea (non specific)
e.g dog

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3
Q

concrete nouns

A

something physical (can touch)
e.g a pen

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4
Q

abstract nouns

A

an idea
e.g happiness, love

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5
Q

collective nouns

A

describes a collective
e.g team or family

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6
Q

regular verbs

A

to change to past tense you add -ed
e.g walk -> walked

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7
Q

irregular verbs

A

to change to past tense you don’t add -ed
e.g feel -> felt or run -> ran

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8
Q

finite verbs

A

an act that ends
e.g walked

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9
Q

non-finite verbs

A

an act that doesn’t end
e.g sleeping

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10
Q

primary auxiliary verbs

A

be, do and have

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11
Q

modal auxiliary verbs

A

all modal verbs
e.g must, could, should

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12
Q

dynamic verbs

A

indicates an action
e.g run, jump

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13
Q

stative verb

A

expresses a condition
e.g love, care

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14
Q

pre-modifying adjectives

A

before a noun

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15
Q

post-modifying adjectives

A

after the noun

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16
Q

comparative nouns

A

compares two subjects and ends in -er (typically)
e.g more beautiful than

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17
Q

superlative adjectives

A

ends in -st and used to describe an object at the upper/lower limit of quality

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18
Q

manner adverb

A

how something happens
e.g quickly

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19
Q

time adverbs

A

how long/when
e.g usually

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20
Q

frequency adverbs

A

how often
e.g frequently

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21
Q

place adverbs

A

where it happens
e.g everywhere

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22
Q

degree adverbs

A

the intensity of a verb
e.g very

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23
Q

what are closed word classes?

A

changes slowly and stays constant over time
e.g pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions

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24
Q

reflexive pronouns

A

refers back to the subject
e.g themselves

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25
Q

personal pronouns

A

substitutes the proper name of a person
e.g she, yours

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26
Q

possessive pronouns

A

indicates an ownership
e.g ours, mine

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27
Q

interrogative pronouns

A

used to introduce a question
e.g who, whom, what, which, whose

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28
Q

reciprocal pronouns

A

indicates a mutual action
e.g one another

29
Q

relative pronouns

A

introduces a relative clause
e.g which, that

30
Q

demonstrative pronouns

A

used to point to specific people or things
e.g this, that

31
Q

articles

A

provides context and introduces a noun
e.g a, an, the

32
Q

definite article

A

a specific noun
(the)

33
Q

indefinite article

A

a general version of the noun
(a,an)

34
Q

possessive article

A

a noun that belongs to someone else
e.g his, my, hers

35
Q

time prepositions

A

when something happens
e.g until, before

36
Q

place prepositions

A

refers to where something is located
e.g in, on, at

37
Q

co-ordinating conjunctions

A

joins phrases/words of equal value
e.g but, yet, for

38
Q

sub-ordinating conjunctions

A

links a dependent clause to an independent
e.g once, while, where

39
Q

colloquial language

A

informal language

40
Q

registers

A

how informal/formal a text is

41
Q

What is a Simile?

A

uses words ‘like’ or ‘as’ to compare one object or idea with another suggesting a likeness

42
Q

What is a Metaphor?

A

states a fact by using a comparison e.g you are what you eat

43
Q

What is personification?

A

where human characteristics are given to an animal or object e.g the trees wept

44
Q

What is hyperbole?

A

used to sensationalise as it exaggerates e.g he was so hungry he ate the whole cornfield for lunch.

45
Q

What are idioms?

A

a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements e.g it’s raining cats and dogs

46
Q

what are cliches?

A

an expression used so often it becomes boring e.g many hands make light work

47
Q

What is a declarative sentence?

A

tells about something

48
Q

What is an interrogative?

A

asks about something

49
Q

what is an imperative?

A

tells someone to do something

50
Q

what is an exclamatory?

A

shows a strong feeling, ends in ‘!’

51
Q

what is active voice?

A

putting the subject at the start of the sentence e.g john smashed the window

52
Q

what is passive voice?

A

putting the subject last in a sentence to remove emphasis e.g the window was smashed by john

53
Q

What is an SVO structure?

A

subject - verb - object

54
Q

What is an SVA structure?

A

subject - verb - adjunct (adverb)

55
Q

what is the SVC structure?

A

Subject - verb - complement
THE SUBJECT AND COMPLEMENT LINK E.G DAWN SEEMS HAPPY

56
Q

What is an independent clause?

A

where a group of words can stand as a sentence alone

57
Q

What is a dependent clause?

A

a group of words that can’t stand alone, contains a subject and a verb

58
Q

What is a conditional clause?

A

starts with if, and is hypothetical

59
Q

what is a relative clause?

A

starts with relative pronouns

60
Q

what is an adverbial clause?

A

a dependent clause that functions as an adverb

61
Q

What is a time clause?

A

says when something happens

62
Q

what is a purpose clause?

A

indicates the purpose of an action

63
Q

what is a reason clause?

A

indicates the reason for something

64
Q

what is a concession clause?

A

makes two statements contrast

65
Q

what is a place clause?

A

talks about the location of something

66
Q

what is a comparison clause

A

states a comparison of size, skill or amount

67
Q

what is a manner clause

A

talks about behaviour or the way something is done

68
Q

what is a results clause?

A

indicates the result of an act or event

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