AOR disease (SA)

Question 1

two common complications to see alongside GDV

Answer 1

splenic torsion
ventricular tachycardia (give lidocaine)

Question 2

causes of septic peritonitis

Answer 2

GI perforation
Bactaeremia
UTI and urinary ascension
Penetrating injuries

Question 3

causes of aseptic peritonitis

Answer 3

Inflammatory abdominal disease
gi perforation

Question 4

Signs of a septic peritonitis on fluid tap

Answer 4

Glucose lower than blood
Lactate higher than blood

Question 5

how to tell if fluid is haemoabdomen

Answer 5

PCV
PCV same as blood = acute
PCV higher than blood = semi-acute

Question 6

3 causes of ahemoabdomen and how to manage

Answer 6

Neoplastic bleed: Measure lactate and BP to asses perfusion
Trauma: Often RTA. IVFT, whole blood, tranexamic acid
Coagulopathy: FFP

Question 7

Signs of uroabdomen on tap

Answer 7

High creatinine (double that of blood), urea and potassium

Question 8

Complication of uroandomen

Answer 8

K reabsorbed = hyperkalameia = Brady dysrhythymia

Question 9

Tx of uroabdomen

Answer 9

Catheterise and surgical repair
Give bicarb and Hartmanns to move K into cells

Question 10

Ascites: Transudate (PP)
Cytology
Cause
Dx

Answer 10

Low protein, low TNCC
Due yo hypoalbuminae
From liver disease, PLE, PLN
Dx: Biochem

Question 11

Ascites: Modified transudate
Cytology
Cause
Dx

Answer 11

High protein, moderate TNCC, yellow and turbid
Due to increased hydrostatic pressure => causes a protein leak
CV disease (right sided failure), thrombosis, neoplasia, chronic liver disease causing portal hypertension
Dx: Imagine

Question 12

Ascites: Septic exudate
Cytology
Cause
Dx

Answer 12

Aka pyothorax
High TNCC, high protein, turbid
Penetrating wound, surgical complication, ruptured infected lesion
Dx: Abdomincenteis and cytology

Question 13

Ascites: Non-septic exudate
Cytology
Cause
Dx

Answer 13

High TNCC, high protein, opaque
Neoplasia, FIP, uroabdomen
Dx: abdomincentiwis and cytology

Question 14

What are the other effusions

Answer 14

Chyle and blood

Question 15

Pathogens of FIP

Answer 15

Viraemia => infects moncytes/macropahges => react with endothelial cells => breakdown of junctions => fluid leak => effusions

Question 16

Signs of FIP

Answer 16

80% have an effusion
- abdominal = most common, approximately 80%,
- also thoracic and occasionally cardiac

Non-specific clinical signs are common: lethargy, anorexia and weight loss, fever (non-responsive to treatment), +/- jaundice, +/- lymphadenomegaly

Question 17

What hernia can testosterone lead to

Answer 17

Perineal

Question 18

breed and tx for anal furunculosis

Answer 18

GSD
Atopica (cyclosporin)
Or preds and hypoallergenic diet

Question 19

anal ademona vs adenocarcinoma

Answer 19

AC:
- Adhere to deeper tissue
- Rapidly growing
- Don’t respond to castration to remove testosterone and need radical surgery

Question 20

What do anal sac adenocarcinomas look like and lead to

Answer 20

Older females. Small, discrete nodules. aggressive.
Secretes PTH like substance => hypercalcameia and PUPD

Question 21

Tx for colitis

Answer 21

`metronidazole and high fibre feed

Question 22

Tx for feline magacolon

Answer 22

Laxitives (lactulose), enema, high fibre
may need subtotal colectomy, high risk of infection so give metrinidazole and no enema

Question 23

what probe to use most

Answer 23

periodontal
only use explorer when needed as scratches surface

Question 24

gingivitis v peridontitis

Answer 24

Gingivitis = inflammation limited to gingiva (gum)
Periodontitis = inflammation of gingiva and additional periodontal tissues (PDL, alveolar bone, cementum)

Question 25

gingivitis grades

Answer 25

0-3 2 = bleeds when probed 3 = spontaneous blled

Question 26

how to assess periodontitis

Answer 26

assess attachment loss - periodontal pocket (mm) - gingival recession (mm) - furcation involvement (F0-3) - mobility ( (m0-3)

Question 27

how to tell if discolouration is a dead tooth

Answer 27

if bruising colour remains and doesn't fade needs removing radiographs show wide pulp cavity

Question 28

what is caries

Answer 28

acidogenic bacteria erodes cementum

Question 29

how does periodontal disease develop

Answer 29

combo of gingivitis and periodontitis gingivitis => gram positives build up => gram negative anaerobes take over => bacteria secrete plaque biofilm => mineralises to calculus => inflammation and recession reversible if plaque removed periodontitis = irreversible sequelae damage => pocketing => gingival recession

Question 30

use of luxator and elevator

Answer 30

luxator = sharp = cut fibre elevator = fatigue fibres both used to breakdown fibres and expand alveolus

Question 31

what is mucueole

Answer 31

build up of saliva in salivary of submandibular gland

Question 32

purpose of scaling polishing flushing

Answer 32

Scale: debulking of calculus Polishing: removal of plaque biofilm (but not much else...) Flushing: removal of paste and calculus material w/ chlorhexidine

Question 33

when do permanent teeth erupt

Answer 33

3-6m