Aorta and IVC

Question 1

The first system to be functional in the embryo?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

What forms at the same and begins beating at about 22 days

Answer 2

embryonic heart and aorta

Question 3

Transports gases, nutrients, and other essentials to tissues

Answer 3

circulatory system

Question 4

Inner layer; consists of endothelial tissue.

Answer 4

tunica intima

Question 5

middle layer; consists of elastin, smooth muscle fibers, and collagenous tissue; provides the strength of arteries

Answer 5

tunica media

Question 6

outer layer; consists of loose connective tissue and vasa vasorum

Answer 6

Tunica adventitia

Question 7

Compresses the tiny arteries and veins that supply the blood vessel walls

Answer 7

vasa vasorum

Question 8

blood is carried way from the heart and to the organs by?

Answer 8

arteries

Question 9

what does NOT change with respiration?

Answer 9

Abdominal AO

Question 10

Largest artery in the body

Answer 10

AO

Question 11

originates off the left ventricle of the heart, travels through the thorax (chest), and courses through the abdomen.

Answer 11

AO

Question 12

Divided into 5 sections

Answer 12

AO

Question 13

what five sections is the aorta divided into

Answer 13

aortic root
ascending AO (and aortic arch)
descending AO
abdominal AO (and abdominal branches)
iliac bifurcation

Question 14

arises from the LT ventricular outflow tract of the heart; has 3 semilunar cusps that prevent blood from flowing back into the heart

Answer 14

aortic root

Question 15

arises a short distance from the ventricle and courses superiorly to form the aortic arch

Answer 15

Ascending AO

Question 16

three arterial branches arise from the superior border of the aortic arch to supply the head, neck, and upper extremities.

Answer 16

Aortic arch

Question 17

from the aortic arch, the AO descends posterior to the heart through the thoracic cavity, after it pierces the diaphragm, it becomes the abdominal AO

Answer 17

Descending AO

Question 18

the portion of the AO inferior to the diaphragm; the largest artery in the body that supplies blood to all the visceral organs and legs; diameter is slightly larger in men.

Answer 18

Abdominal AO

Question 19

abdominal AO branches in descending order

Answer 19

phrenic arteries
celiac axis (CA)
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Renal arteries
RT/LT gonadal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
lumbar arteries

Question 20

AO measures prox, mid, and distal and iliacs

Answer 20

prox-3.0cm (before celiac axis)
mid-2.0cm (after SMA)
dist-1.2cm (Just before BIF)
iliac-1.0cm (isolate for accuracy)

Question 21

first anterior branch of AO; originates approx.2.0cm inferior to the diaphragm; supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

Answer 21

Celiac Axis aka CA or Celiac trunk

Question 22

branches into 3 vessels

Answer 22

celiac axis

Question 23

3 vessels that the celiac axis branches into

Answer 23

common hepatic artery
splenic artery
left gastric artery

Question 24

courses to the RT of the abdomen at almost 90

Answer 24

Common hepatic artery

Question 25

the largest pf the 3 CA branches; takes a tortuous course horizontally to the left of the body as it forms the superior border of the tail of the pancreas

Answer 25

Splenic artery

Question 26

rarely seen by ultrasound

Answer 26

left gastric artery

Question 27

has 5 branches and each of those branches consists of 10-16 branches which supply the small bowel.

Answer 27

SMA

Question 28

1cm inferior to the celiac axis

Answer 28

SMA

Question 29

what does the SMA feed

Answer 29

small intestine cecum ascending colon transverse colon

Question 30

feed the kidneys; they arise from the lateral aspect of the AO at the level of the3rd lumbar vertebrae just INF to the SMA; duplication of the renal arts is not uncommon.

Answer 30

renal arteries

Question 31

courses posterior to the IVC and anterior to the spine

Answer 31

Right Renal Artery

Question 32

Courses from the AO directly into the LT kidney

Answer 32

Left Renal Artery

Question 33

what does the Inferior mesenteric artery aka IMA feed?

Answer 33

LT transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum

Question 34

what does the internal iliac supply

Answer 34

pelvic viscera peritoneum buttocks sacral canal

Question 35

what does the external iliac supply

Answer 35

ipsilateral lower extremity

Question 36

what does ipsilateral mean?

Answer 36

same side

Question 37

What does contralateral mean?

Answer 37

opposite side

Question 38

most commonly associated with development of an aneurysm

Answer 38

Arteriosclerosis

Question 39

occurs when the arterial vascular system becomes stiff and thickened.

Answer 39

arteriosclerosis

Question 40

condition in which the aortic wall becomes irregular with plaque build-up

Answer 40

Atherosclerosis

Question 41

greater than 3cm, involve all 3 layers of the vessel wall.

Answer 41

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 42

AAA means?

Answer 42

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Question 43

How can AAA be fixed?

Answer 43

Grafts

Question 44

ectatic AO

Answer 44

enlargement of an AO

Question 45

blood escaping through a hole in the vessel wall is called an?

Answer 45

Pseudoaneurysm

Question 46

what mortality rate does the rupture of an aortic aneurysm have?

Answer 46

50%

Question 47

what happens when lab values show a decrease in hematocrit?

Answer 47

Aortic Rupture

Question 48

thickened and surrounded by fibrosis and adhesions

Answer 48

inflammatory AO aneursym

Question 49

aneurysm caused by a infection

Answer 49

mycotic aneurysm

Question 50

most are secondary to trauma; abnormal connection from an artery to a vein

Answer 50

arteriovenous fistula

Question 51

presents clinically as HTN; from renal artery plaque or fibromuscular dysplasia (string of pearls-CT)

Answer 51

renal artery stenosis

Question 52

where the exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid takes place

Answer 52

capillaries

Question 53

their walls only have one layer

Answer 53

capillaries

Question 54

Blood is carried away from the organs and to the heart by the

Answer 54

veins

Question 55

they are collapsible

Answer 55

veins

Question 56

large, collapsible vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body (think below the diaphragm) into the RT heart where it goes to the lungs to get oxygenated and return to arterial circulation

Answer 56

IVC

Question 57

largest visceral tributaries of the IVC

Answer 57

Hepatic veins

Question 58

resemble the bunny or deer sign

Answer 58

hepatic veins

Question 59

exits the RT renal hilum and enters the posterolateral IVC

Answer 59

Right renal vein

Question 60

exits the LT renal hilum courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the AO and enters the lateral IVC; longer than the RRV

Answer 60

Left renal vein

Question 61

In pts with RT sided heart failure

Answer 61

IVC Dilation

Question 62

Can be seen later in Pregnancy as the enlarged uterus

Answer 62

IVC Compression

Question 63

of or relating to the viscera

Answer 63

splanchnic

Question 64

splanchnic arteries supply blood to what abdominal organs

Answer 64

stomach large intestine small intestine liver pancreas spleen

Question 65

abdominal pain S/P (status post) liver transplant liver dysfunction (lab tests) abdominal distention splenomegaly

Answer 65

Portal Venous System

Question 66

In pts with liver failure, a sudden worsening of ascites

Answer 66

Portal Vein Thrombosis

Question 67

what supplies blood to the Liver

Answer 67

portal veins and hepatic arteries

Question 68

what forms the portal triad

Answer 68

bile ducts, portal veins, and hepatic arteries

Question 69

Not surrounded by echogenic walls and can be traced to the diaphragm.

Answer 69

Hepatic veins

Question 70

are surrounded by echogenic walls

Answer 70

Portal veins