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aorta and ivc > Aorta and IVC > Flashcards

Aorta and IVC Flashcards

1
Q

The first system to be functional in the embryo?

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

What forms at the same and begins beating at about 22 days

A

embryonic heart and aorta

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3
Q

Transports gases, nutrients, and other essentials to tissues

A

circulatory system

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4
Q

Inner layer; consists of endothelial tissue.

A

tunica intima

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5
Q

middle layer; consists of elastin, smooth muscle fibers, and collagenous tissue; provides the strength of arteries

A

tunica media

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6
Q

outer layer; consists of loose connective tissue and vasa vasorum

A

Tunica adventitia

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7
Q

Compresses the tiny arteries and veins that supply the blood vessel walls

A

vasa vasorum

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8
Q

blood is carried way from the heart and to the organs by?

A

arteries

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9
Q

what does NOT change with respiration?

A

Abdominal AO

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10
Q

Largest artery in the body

A

AO

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11
Q

originates off the left ventricle of the heart, travels through the thorax (chest), and courses through the abdomen.

A

AO

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12
Q

Divided into 5 sections

A

AO

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13
Q

what five sections is the aorta divided into

A

aortic root
ascending AO (and aortic arch)
descending AO
abdominal AO (and abdominal branches)
iliac bifurcation

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14
Q

arises from the LT ventricular outflow tract of the heart; has 3 semilunar cusps that prevent blood from flowing back into the heart

A

aortic root

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15
Q

arises a short distance from the ventricle and courses superiorly to form the aortic arch

A

Ascending AO

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16
Q

three arterial branches arise from the superior border of the aortic arch to supply the head, neck, and upper extremities.

A

Aortic arch

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17
Q

from the aortic arch, the AO descends posterior to the heart through the thoracic cavity, after it pierces the diaphragm, it becomes the abdominal AO

A

Descending AO

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18
Q

the portion of the AO inferior to the diaphragm; the largest artery in the body that supplies blood to all the visceral organs and legs; diameter is slightly larger in men.

A

Abdominal AO

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19
Q

abdominal AO branches in descending order

A

phrenic arteries
celiac axis (CA)
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Renal arteries
RT/LT gonadal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
lumbar arteries

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20
Q

AO measures prox, mid, and distal and iliacs

A

prox-3.0cm (before celiac axis)
mid-2.0cm (after SMA)
dist-1.2cm (Just before BIF)
iliac-1.0cm (isolate for accuracy)

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21
Q

first anterior branch of AO; originates approx.2.0cm inferior to the diaphragm; supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

A

Celiac Axis aka CA or Celiac trunk

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22
Q

branches into 3 vessels

A

celiac axis

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23
Q

3 vessels that the celiac axis branches into

A

common hepatic artery
splenic artery
left gastric artery

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24
Q

courses to the RT of the abdomen at almost 90

A

Common hepatic artery

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25
Q

the largest pf the 3 CA branches; takes a tortuous course horizontally to the left of the body as it forms the superior border of the tail of the pancreas

A

Splenic artery

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26
Q

rarely seen by ultrasound

A

left gastric artery

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27
Q

has 5 branches and each of those branches consists of 10-16 branches which supply the small bowel.

A

SMA

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28
Q

1cm inferior to the celiac axis

A

SMA

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29
Q

what does the SMA feed

A

small intestine
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon

30
Q

feed the kidneys; they arise from the lateral aspect of the AO at the level of the3rd lumbar vertebrae just INF to the SMA; duplication of the renal arts is not uncommon.

A

renal arteries

31
Q

courses posterior to the IVC and anterior to the spine

A

Right Renal Artery

32
Q

Courses from the AO directly into the LT kidney

A

Left Renal Artery

33
Q

what does the Inferior mesenteric artery aka IMA feed?

A

LT transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

34
Q

what does the internal iliac supply

A

pelvic viscera
peritoneum
buttocks
sacral canal

35
Q

what does the external iliac supply

A

ipsilateral lower extremity

36
Q

what does ipsilateral mean?

A

same side

37
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

opposite side

38
Q

most commonly associated with development of an aneurysm

A

Arteriosclerosis

39
Q

occurs when the arterial vascular system becomes stiff and thickened.

A

arteriosclerosis

40
Q

condition in which the aortic wall becomes irregular with plaque build-up

A

Atherosclerosis

41
Q

greater than 3cm, involve all 3 layers of the vessel wall.

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

42
Q

AAA means?

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

43
Q

How can AAA be fixed?

A

Grafts

44
Q

ectatic AO

A

enlargement of an AO

45
Q

blood escaping through a hole in the vessel wall is called an?

A

Pseudoaneurysm

46
Q

what mortality rate does the rupture of an aortic aneurysm have?

A

50%

47
Q

what happens when lab values show a decrease in hematocrit?

A

Aortic Rupture

48
Q

thickened and surrounded by fibrosis and adhesions

A

inflammatory AO aneursym

49
Q

aneurysm caused by a infection

A

mycotic aneurysm

50
Q

most are secondary to trauma; abnormal connection from an artery to a vein

A

arteriovenous fistula

51
Q

presents clinically as HTN; from renal artery plaque or fibromuscular dysplasia (string of pearls-CT)

A

renal artery stenosis

52
Q

where the exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid takes place

A

capillaries

53
Q

their walls only have one layer

A

capillaries

54
Q

Blood is carried away from the organs and to the heart by the

A

veins

55
Q

they are collapsible

A

veins

56
Q

large, collapsible vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body (think below the diaphragm) into the RT heart where it goes to the lungs to get oxygenated and return to arterial circulation

A

IVC

57
Q

largest visceral tributaries of the IVC

A

Hepatic veins

58
Q

resemble the bunny or deer sign

A

hepatic veins

59
Q

exits the RT renal hilum and enters the posterolateral IVC

A

Right renal vein

60
Q

exits the LT renal hilum courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the AO and enters the lateral IVC; longer than the RRV

A

Left renal vein

61
Q

In pts with RT sided heart failure

A

IVC Dilation

62
Q

Can be seen later in Pregnancy as the enlarged uterus

A

IVC Compression

63
Q

of or relating to the viscera

A

splanchnic

64
Q

splanchnic arteries supply blood to what abdominal organs

A

stomach
large intestine
small intestine
liver
pancreas
spleen

65
Q

abdominal pain
S/P (status post) liver transplant
liver dysfunction (lab tests)
abdominal distention
splenomegaly

A

Portal Venous System

66
Q

In pts with liver failure, a sudden worsening of ascites

A

Portal Vein Thrombosis

67
Q

what supplies blood to the Liver

A

portal veins and hepatic arteries

68
Q

what forms the portal triad

A

bile ducts, portal veins, and hepatic arteries

69
Q

Not surrounded by echogenic walls and can be traced to the diaphragm.

A

Hepatic veins

70
Q

are surrounded by echogenic walls

A

Portal veins

aorta and ivc (1 decks)

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