Aortic Stenosis Flashcards Preview

Conditions: Cardiovascular > Aortic Stenosis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Aortic Stenosis Deck (18)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What can be heard on auscultation of aortic stenosis?

A
  • A - A2 quiet of S2
2
Q

What can be felt on examination of the heart in aortic stenosis?

A
  • Right ventricular heave
3
Q

What effect does aortic stenosis have on the apex?

A
  • Causes it to be constantly vigorous
4
Q

What does aortic stenosis lead to?

A
  • Increased left ventricular systolic pressure
5
Q

What does increased left ventricular pressure lead to?

A
  • Concentric hypertrophy

- Left heart megaly

6
Q

What will occur if the left ventricle is ischaemic combined with it’s increased size?

A
  • Left ventricular failure
7
Q

Where does the systolic murmur radiate to in aortic stenosis?

A
  • Radiates to carotids
8
Q

Symptoms?

A
  • Long asymptomatic phase
  • Cardinal signs
  • Dyspnoea on exertion
  • Heart failure
  • Syncope and presyncope
  • Chest pain
9
Q

Signs?

A

Pulses

  • Small volume
  • Slow rising pulse
  • JVP prominent in RH failure
  • Vigorous apex beat
  • Right ventricular heave
  • Quiet A2 of heart sound 2
  • Harsh ejection systolic murmur radiating to carotids
10
Q

Causes?

A
  • Degenerative
  • Linked to atherosclerosis
  • Slow inflammatory process
  • Rheumatic
  • Bicuspid valve
11
Q

What does the slow inflammatory process result in?

A
  • Thickening and calcification of aortic valve cusps
12
Q

Initial investigations?

A
  • ECG
  • CxR
  • Cardiac catheterisation
  • Echocardiogram
  • CMRI
  • Biochemical screen
  • FBC
13
Q

What will be seen on the ECG?

A
  • ST/T changes
14
Q

What do the ST/T changes on the ECG point to?

A
  • LV strain
15
Q

What will be seen on the CxR?

A
  • Calcification of the valve

- Left heart megaly

16
Q

What will the echocardiogram show?

A
  • AV cusp mobility
  • LV function and hypertrophy
  • Doppler assessment will show pressure gradient
17
Q

What is tested in the biochemical screen?

A
  • Thyroid function
18
Q

Surgical options?

A
  • Aortic valve replacement or repair