Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Z Year3 Cardio Conditions > Aortic Valve Disease > Flashcards

Aortic Valve Disease Flashcards

(38 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the type of causes of aortic regurgitation?

A
  1. Valve abnormalities

2. Aortic root dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the valve abnormalities that can cause AR?

A
  1. IE
  2. Trauma
  3. Rheumatic fever
  4. Congenital disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the causes of aortic root dilation that can cause AR?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Aortic dissection
  3. Aortitis
  4. Arthritides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens in systole?

A

pulmonary and aortic valve OPEN so stenosis of these affect flow of blood so SYSTOLIC MURMUR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in diastole?

A
  • pulmonary and aortic valve CLOSED so insufficiency/regurgitation pf these valves is enabling backflow of blood so DIASTOLIC MURMUR
  • Opposite is true for mitral and tricupside valve because they are closed during systeole and open during diastole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sort of murmur is aortic stenosis?

A

Ejection Systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sort of murmur is mitral stenosis?

A

Mid/late diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sort of murmur is tricuspid stenosis?

A

Mid/late diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What sort of murmur is pulmonary stenosis?

A

Ejection systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What sort of murmur is aortic regurgitation?

A

Early diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What sort of murmur is mitral regurgitation?

A

pansystolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What sort of murmur is tricuspid regurgitation?

A

pansystolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What sort of murmur is pulmonary regurgitation

A

pansystolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you remember murmurs?

A

PASS PAID
Pulmonary aortic stenosis systole
Pulmonary aortic insufficiency diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are causes for aortic stenosis?

A
  1. Senile calcification
  2. Congenital (bicuspid valve, Williams syndrome)
  3. Rheumatic heart disease
  4. CKD is RF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the epid for aortic stenosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

eldery person, chest pain externtion dyspnoea, syncope

17
Q

What are symptoms for aortic stenosis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Chest pain
  2. Exertional dyspnoea
  3. Syncope
  4. Heart failure
  5. Dizziness
18
Q

What are signs of aortic stenosis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Slow rising pulse with narrow pulse pressure
  2. Heaving
  3. Non displaced apex beat
  4. LV heave
  5. Aortic thrill
  6. Ejection systolic murmur
  7. Radiates to carotids
  8. May be ejection click
  9. Systolic, mid-to-late peaking with crescendo-decrescendo pattern and radiates to carotids
19
Q

What are symptoms of AR?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Exertional dyspnoea
  2. Orthopnoea
  3. PND
  4. Palpitations
  5. Angina
  6. Syncope
20
Q

What are signs of AR?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Collapsing pulse
  2. Wide pulse pressure
  3. Displaced apex beat
  4. High pitch early diastolic murmur
21
Q

What is DDx for AS?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

22
Q

What is DDx for AR?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. MR
  2. Mitral stenosis
  3. Aortic stenosis
23
Q

What Ix is diagnostic for AR and AS?

Study These Flashcards
A

transthoracic echo

24
Q

What would ECG show in AS?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. LVH with strain pattern
  2. p-mitrale
  3. LBBB or complete AV block
25
What would CXR show in AS?
LVH, calcified aortic valve
26
What would cardiac catheter show?
- AS: valve gradient, LV function, CAD risks, | - AR: asses severity of lesion, anatomy or aortic root, LV function, CAD
27
What would ECG show in AR?
LVH
28
What would CXR show in AR?
1. cardiomegaly 2. dilated asecending aorta 3. pulmonary oedema 4. LV dilation
29
What surgery is used?
valve replacement: open surgery or through transcatheter approach
30
What are options for valve replacement?
metallic, animal tissue
31
What must you be given if you have a metallic valve?
increased risk of clots, given warfarin
32
What is there a risk of with animal tissue valve?
risk of tissue rejection and degeneration
33
How do you manage severe AS?
1. Transcatheter or surgical valve prosthesis | 2. If not fit for surgery can use transcatheter aortic valve implantation
34
How do you treat AR?
1. Reduce systolic HTN: Ace-I 2. Echo every 6-12 month to monitor 3. Surgery: when enlarged ascending aorta, increasing symptoms
35
When is AVR indicated?
symptomatic patient or with LV EF <50% and asymptomatic patients with sevrer AR if LV end diastolic volume >75mm or LV end-systolic volume >55mm
36
What are possible complications of AS?
1. Acute congestive heart failure 2. Sudden cardiac death in symptomatic/asympomatic patients 3. Infection of prosthetic valve
37
What are possible complications of AR?
1. Operative mortality 2. CHF 3. Arrhythmias
38
What is the prognosis of aortic valve disease?
No surgery prognosis: 2-3 survival and 1-2yr with cardiac failure in AS and AR less mortality

Z Year3 Cardio Conditions (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions