aos 1 : growth and development Flashcards
(39 cards)
when does the human lifespan start and end?
starts at conception, ends at death
describe the prenatal stage.
the prenatal stage starts at fertilisation and ends at birth. in this stage, there is rapid development of bodily organs and structures.
describe the infancy stage.
infancy starts at birth and ends at 2 years of age. in this stage, rapid growth continues to occur and motor skills develop.
describe the early childhood stage.
early childhood starts at 2 years of age and ends at 6 years of age. in this stage, slow and steady growth occurs. many ‘firsts’ occur and the child starts learning social skills.
describe the late childhood stage.
late childhood starts at 6 years and ends at 12 years of age. in this stage, slow and steady growth occurs. many PIES changes.
describe the youth stage.
youth starts at 12 years and ends at 18 years of age. in this stage, rapid growth occurs. there is increase in independence, life goal development and sexual maturity.
describe the early adulthood stage.
early adulthood starts at 18 years and ends at 40 years of age. in this stage, careers are started, intimate relationships/marriages occur, body reaches physical peak.
describe the middle adulthood stage.
middle adulthood starts at 40 years and ends at 65 years of age. in this stage there is more stability as children leave home and financial security. physical signs of aging occur.
describe the late adulthood stage.
late adulthood starts at 65 and ends at death. in this stage, there is often a change in lifestyle due to retirement. often individuals will reflect on life and feel grief due to death of friends/spouse.
what are some common negative perceptions of youth?
lazy, narcissistic, slackers, uneducated, immature, feel entitled to a decent life with minimal work, more concerned about post likes than contributing to society.
what are the four types of human development?
physical, intellectual, emotional, social.
name the three aspects of physical development.
- growth
- changes to body systems
- motor skill development
explain growth as part of physical development.
changes in the body due to the increased number and size of body cells.
what are some factors that influence a person’s perception?
- past experiences with people in the lifespan stage
- media’s portrayal of people in the lifespan stage
- person’s own experience in the lifespan stage
- other people’s opinions
- politician’s and public speaker’s opinions of people in the lifespan stage
- person’s values and beliefs
compare primary and secondary sex characteristics.
primary: parts of the body directly involved in reproduction
secondary: traits arising from changes during puberty, not directly related to reproduction
explain changes to body systems as part of physical development.
changes to the structure and function of body systems.
- includes changes to sex organs
- ageing
explain motor skill development as part of physical development.
control of the muscles in the body.
compare gross and fine motor skills.
gross: involve large muscle groups
fine: involve small muscle groups
name the 5 aspects of intellectual development.
- knowledge and memory
- language
- thought patterns and problem solving
- creativity and imagination
- attention
explain knowledge and memory as part of intellectual development.
knowledge becomes more complex as individuals develop and recall ability changes. memory declines in the later part of adulthood.
explain language as part of intellectual development.
develops throughout the lifespan from sounds to words and sentences. exposure to media can develop meaning of words.
explain thought processes and problem-solving as part of intellectual development.
the way an individual thinks changes as they develop from concrete thought to abstract thought. during youth, brain structures mature and abstract thought develops.
explain creativity and imagination as part of intellectual development.
imaginative play is essential for optimal development during childhood. during youth, individuals may lose their creative skills if not promoted.
explain attention as part of intellectual development.
ability to focus on one aspect of the environment while ignoring others. the ability to focus develops with age. during youth, the ability to remain attentive develops in youth especially if the individual develops an interest.
