AOS 2 georgia ch. 4 + ch.5 review Flashcards
topics from edrolo (27 cards)
define maintaining brain functioning
making brain functions more efficient rather than more complex
ways to maintain brain functioning
- mental stimulation
- diet
- physical activity
- social support
- Epilepsy
a neurological disorder associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain, categorised by seizures
symptoms of epilepsy
- shaking
- loss of awareness and conciousness
- seizures
symptoms of stroke
Sudden confusion
trouble speaking
Sudden numbness or weakness
Sudden severe headache
symptoms of concussion
- loss of balance
- vomiting
- headache
- ringing in ears
- fatigue
- Acquired brain injury
- all types of brain injuries that occur after birth
- traumatic or non- traumatic (external vs. internal)
ABI’s effect on biological functioning
changes in: behaviour, organ function, cellular/neural function
impact on: seizures, movement impairment, smell impairment
ABI’s effect psychological functioning
changes in: cognition, behaviour, emotions
impact on: memory loss, personality changes, increased susceptibility to mental health disorders
ABI’s effect on social functioning
changes in: relationships, interactions w/ environment, interpersonal skills (e. leadership)
impact on: job productivity, social support, antisocial behaviour
- Parkinson’s
progressive disease of nervous system characterised by both motor and non-motor symptoms
symptoms of parkinson’s
- tremors
- muscle stiffness
- fatigue
- depression and anxiety
contemporary research treatments
- machine learning
x supervised learning
x unsupervised learning - gut-brain axis
machine learning
- element of AI, mimicks way humans learn
- machine learning utilises statistics to create algorithms for accuracy
- broken into supervised and unsupervised learning
supervised learning
- labelled data to train algorithms on how to classify data or predict outcomes
- efficient and accurate
unsupervised learning
- using an algorithm to identify patterns or trends in UNLABELLED data that have not yet been discovered
- analyse people with neurological disorders
gut - brain axis
- BIDIRECTIONAL connection between gut and brain through multiple parts of the nervous system
- gut and brain are able to communicate/influence one another
neuroimaging techniques
- capture images of the brain
- medical reasons (ie. disease detection) and research
- less invasive
- divided into structural and functional
structural techniques
CT :
- 2D X-ray images of a brain, -> computer processes to develop 3D images
- person ingests dye called ‘contrast’ for brain 2 be visible
- limited to black and white images
MRI :
- uses magnetic and radio fields to take detailed 2D and 3D pictures of the brain
- less harmful than CT and can also produce more detailed images
- cannot be used on people with internal screws or pacemakers
functional imaging
PET :
- shows brain levels of activity
- person injected with radioactive solution to light up brain areas when active
- range of colours - diff activity
- tracking brain functions NOT structures
FMRI :
- measures brain activity levels
- same images as MRI, but able to trace function and activity
- higher quality images that PET and no substance
brain v heart debate
- historical debate, whether heart or brain was responsible for responsible for central functions including thought, emotion + behaviour.
- ancient egypt (heart hypothesis) vs ancient greece (brain)
Monism V Dualism
- monism: mind and body are the SAME, one type of thing or substance
- dualism: proposes mind and body are SEPERATE and DISTINGUISHABLE entities
First Brain Experiments
- ablation
- brain lesioning
- split brain studies
ablation
- surgical removal or cutting of brain tissue
- irreversible
- pierre flourens in 1820s
-> discovered that the mind was in the brain, not the heart
