AOS 2 - SAC 2

Question 1

What is the primary energy system for a 50m sprint?

Answer 1

ATP-PC system

The ATP-PC system is the fastest energy system utilized in short-duration, high-intensity activities.

Question 2

What is the primary energy system for a 400m sprint?

Answer 2

Anaerobic glycolysis

Anaerobic glycolysis provides energy for sustained efforts lasting from approximately 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

Question 3

Which energy system contributes to the 400m sprint?

Answer 3

Aerobic system

The aerobic system starts to contribute as the sprint duration increases and energy demands remain high.

Question 4

What are the fuels used in the ATP-PC system?

Answer 4

Creatine phosphate

This system uses stored ATP and creatine phosphate for immediate energy.

Question 5

List advantages of the ATP-PC system.

Answer 5

• Immediate energy supply
• High power output
• Short recovery time

These advantages make it ideal for short, explosive activities.

Question 6

List disadvantages of the ATP-PC system.

Answer 6

• Limited duration
• Requires adequate recovery

This energy system can only sustain high-intensity efforts for a short period.

Question 7

List advantages of anaerobic glycolysis.

Answer 7

• Provides energy for moderate durations
• Can sustain activity longer than ATP-PC

It supports activities lasting from about 10 seconds up to 2 minutes.

Question 8

List disadvantages of anaerobic glycolysis.

Answer 8

• Produces lactate
• Limited ATP yield

The accumulation of lactate contributes to fatigue.

Question 9

Define Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC).

Answer 9

The increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity to erase the body’s oxygen deficit

EPOC is crucial for recovery and metabolic processes post-exercise.

Question 10

What factors influence EPOC magnitude?

Answer 10

• Exercise intensity
• Duration of exercise
• Training status

Higher intensity and longer duration typically result in greater EPOC.

Question 11

What is the lactate inflection point?

Answer 11

The exercise intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood

Identifying this point helps assess an athlete’s endurance capabilities.

Question 12

What are the primary causes of fatigue during exercise?

Answer 12

• Depletion of energy substrates
• Accumulation of metabolic byproducts
• Central fatigue

Fatigue can arise from both physical and psychological factors.

Question 13

What are the acute responses of the respiratory system during exercise?

Answer 13

• Increased breathing rate
• Increased tidal volume
• Enhanced gas exchange
• Increased Ventilation

These responses help meet the increased oxygen demand during exercise.

Question 14

What are the acute responses of the cardiovascular system during exercise?

Answer 14

• Increased heart rate
• Increased stroke volume
• Enhanced blood flow to muscles
• Increased Cardiac Output
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Increased Avo2Diff
• Recreased plasma volume

These changes ensure adequate oxygen delivery to active tissues.

Question 15

What are the acute responses of the muscular system during exercise?

Answer 15

• Increased muscle contraction
• Enhanced enzyme activity
• Increased motor unit recruitment
• Increased muscle temperatures
• Increased Avo2Diff
• Increased blood flow to working muscles

These responses are critical for improving performance.

Question 16

What is the Wingate test used for?

Answer 16

To measure 30-second maximal anaerobic capacity

This test is widely used in sports science to evaluate anaerobic power.

Question 17

What does the VO₂ max test measure?

Answer 17

Submaximal to maximal aerobic capacity

VO₂ max is a key indicator of cardiovascular fitness.

Question 18

What is the difference between relative and absolute VO₂ max?

Answer 18

Relative VO₂ max is expressed per kilogram of body weight; absolute VO₂ max is total oxygen uptake

Relative VO₂ max is more useful for comparing individuals of different sizes.

Question 19

What is oxygen deficit?

Answer 19

The difference between oxygen required and oxygen consumed during the onset of exercise

Understanding oxygen deficit helps in evaluating exercise efficiency.

Question 20

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 20

The amount of oxygen required to restore the body to its pre-exercise state after physical activity

Oxygen debt is closely related to EPOC.

Question 21

What are active recovery techniques?

Answer 21

• Low-intensity exercise
• Stretching
• Hydration

These techniques can facilitate recovery and reduce muscle soreness.

Question 22

What role does nutrition play in recovery?

Answer 22

It provides the necessary nutrients for muscle repair and replenishment of energy stores

Proper nutrition is key to effective recovery strategies.

Question 23

3 Energy Systems

Answer 23

ATP-PC
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Aerobic

Question 24

Recovery Strategies

Answer 24

Passive - total rest

Active - light movement to speed recovery and prevent venus pooling

Question 25

ATP-PC rate

Answer 25

Fastest

Question 26

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Answer 26

Fast

Question 27

Aerobic

Answer 27

Slow

Question 28

ATP-PC Yield

Answer 28

Very Small

Question 29

Anaerobic Glycolysis Yield

Answer 29

Small

Question 30

Aerobic Yield

Answer 30

Bigger

Question 31

How long will it take to start Glycogen Depletion

Answer 31

90-120 Minutes

Question 32

EPOC

Answer 32

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption EPOC = the body working after exercise to recover and return to normal

Question 33

Thermoregulation

Answer 33

Thermoregulation is how the body keeps its temperature around 37°C. It cools down by sweating and sending more blood to the skin (vasodilation). It warms up by shivering and keeping blood close to the core (vasoconstriction).

Question 34

Thermoregulatory Fatigue

Answer 34

Thermoregulatory fatigue happens when the body can’t control its temperature well during long or hard exercise. You lose lots of fluid through sweat, and less blood goes to the muscles. This can lead to overheating, tiredness, and poor performance.