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AOS 3 - Operations management Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

operations management

A

coordinating & organizing the activities involved in producing the goods & services that a business sells to customers

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2
Q

efficiency

A

how productively a business uses its resources when producing a good or service

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3
Q

effectiveness

A

is the extent to which a business achieves its stated objectives

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4
Q

business objective - possible operations strategy

A

MAP - implement tech - reduce costs

IMS - check that products aren’t faulty - increase customer sat

FMN - using tech to design new products - fulfill unmet needs

FSN - ensure waste is recycled - minimize business’s impact on the environment

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5
Q

Inputs

A

The resources used by a business to produce goods & services
- labor, time, electricity, equipment, info

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6
Q

Processes

A

The actions performed by a business to transform inputs into outputs
- mixing, designing, constructing

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7
Q

Outputs

A

Are the final goods & services produced as a result of a business’s operations system which is delivered or provided to customers

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8
Q

Production process

A

MB - tends to have highly automated processes that are capital intensive

SB - tend to have production processes that are labour intensive

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9
Q

Occurrence of production & consumption

A

MB - prodcution & consumption occur at different times

SB - production and consumption occur simultaneously

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10
Q

Customer contact

A

MB - tend to have low degree of customer conduct during production as production stage separated during production

SB - tend to have high degree of customer conduct during production as the production stage occurs simultaneously

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11
Q

Tangibility

A

MB - outputs are tangible

SB - outputs intangible

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12
Q

Storability

A

MB - outputs can be stored as inventory

SB - aren’t able to be stored as inventory

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13
Q

Consistency

A

MB - produce goods that can be standardised through mass production

SB - usually aren’t standardised & instead tailored specifically to individual customer needs

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14
Q

Computer-aided design

A

A digital design tool that enables businesses to generate & modify technical illustrations of a product

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15
Q

Computer-aided design - E & E

A

effieciency - can reduce time & labour resources used to design a product which improves productivity

effectiveness - can use CAD to develop various prototypes & choose best design. choosing best option enables business to manufacture highest quality design can meet objective of increasing customer sat & sales

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16
Q

Computer-aided design - A & D

A

A

  • greater accuracy = constistent level of quality, improving business rep
  • removes tedious processes involved in design process which can be boring for emps
  • speeds up process

D

  • business can develop bad rep if CAD makes employees redundant
  • expensive in short term
  • constant updates can be expensive
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17
Q

Computer-aided manufacturing

A

Is software used to control & direct the production process by controlling machinery & equipment through a computer

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18
Q

Computer-aided manufacturing - E & E

A

efficiency - doesn’t require machinery to be manually reset by humans reducing amount of time & labour resources used in operations improving productivity

effectiveness - the increased accuracy of CAM creates products with a consistent level of quality which can meet the objective of increasing customer satisfaction & sales

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19
Q

Computer-aided manufacturing - A & D

A

A

  • greater accuracy results in consistent level of quality improving business rep
  • speeds up manufacturing process as machinery doesn’t have to be manually operated
  • improved accuracy can improve quality & increase customer satisfaction can increase sales

D

  • develop poor rep if makes employees redundant
  • sudden breakdowns can halt production & compromise productivity
  • expensive in short term
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20
Q

Automated production lines

A

machinery & equipment which are arranged in a sequence & the product is developed at it proceeds through each step

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21
Q

Automated production lines - E & E

A

effciency - can perform at a speed which is usually much faster than humans improving productivity

effectiveness - allows for high decree of accuracy decreasing number of errors, enhances overall quality improving sales

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22
Q

Automated production lines - A & D

A

A

  • increased accuracy provides a consistent level of quality of products which can improves business rep
  • production can run 24/7
  • improvements in accuracy can enhance overall quality of product can add to increase in sales

D

  • business can develop poor rep if CAD makes employees redundant
  • sudden breakdowns of tech can halt production altogether & compromise productivity
  • high initial set up costs
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23
Q

Website development

A

The creation & improvement of online web pages controlled by a business that customers can use to discover information about the business & purchase their goods & services at any time

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24
Q

Website development - E & E

A

efficiency - providing information about the business online such as return policies can save customer service staff time & improve productivity

effectiveness - website development allows a business to reach a wider audience nationally & globally which can meet objective of increased sales

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25
Website development - A & D
A - establishes a platform that enables easy access to customer feedback - can publish info on a website which can reduce amount of time customer service staff spend on answering commonly asked questions - customers can purchase g & s at their convenience which can increase a business's number of sales D - can develop poor business rep if makes employees redundant - time consuming - incur costs to start and maintain
26
Forecasting
Is a materials planning tool that predicts customer demand for an upcoming period using data & market trends
27
Forecasting - E & E
effieciency - forecasting decreases likelihood of ordering & stroring excessive stock which can optimise use of resources reducing wastage effectiveness - forecasting increases a business's ability to meet customer demand which can meet objective of increasing customer satisfaction & sales
28
Forecasting - A & D
A - informed business's ability to meet customer deman which improves its rep - improves rep by having minimal impact on environment - can reduce costs of storage D - may be unable to meet unexpected increases in customer demand which may damage their rep - can be TC to analyse data - may need to hire employees specifically for forecasting
29
Master production schedule
A plan that outlines what a business needs to produce in its specific quantities within a set period of time
30
Master production schedule - E & E
efficiency - prevents a business from producing an excessive amount of products which optimizes the use of resources by reducing wastage effectiveness - business is more likely to produce an amount that meets customer demand which meets the objective of meeting customer satisfaction & sales
31
Master production schedule - A & D
A - can provide emps with clear schedule of operations that includes the timeline & quanityt of production targets - by determining specific details about how production will occur its less likely production will be brought to a halt & time is wasted due to an organisation error D - can be TC to map out details of production - implementing & maintaining this plan can be expensive
32
Materials requirement planning
Is a process that itemises the types & quantities of materials required to meet production targets set out in the master production schedule
33
Materials requirement planning - E & E
efficiency - having the exact materials required reduces avoidable halts in production which enhance productivity by allowing operations to flow smoothly effectiveness - ensures there is sufficient materials to meet customer demand. meeting customer demand helps meet the objective of increasing customer satisfaction & sales
34
Materials requirement planning - A & D
A - by determining the exact materials required its less likely that production will halt due to insufficient materials or organisational errors - accurate wondering of the quantities of materials required avoids excess storage & thus reduces associated expenses D - can be TC - implementing & maintaining the materials plan can incur costs
35
Just in time
Is an inventory control approach that delivers the correct type & quantity of materials as soon as they're needed for production
36
Just in time - E & E
efficiency - holding a minimal stock can free up space that can now be optimized to increase production effectiveness - a reduction in idle stock and reduce expenses associated with waste which can meet the objective of increased profits
37
Just in time - A & D
A - able to switch to the production of a different product without high wastage as there is minimal material on hand to go through - reduces storage costs & costs associated with waste meaning this money can D - business may fail to meet customer demand from a lack of reverse stock & damage a business's rep - discounts from bulk buying supplies may be reduced
38
quality control
Inspections at various stages of the production process to ensure products meet designated standards & unsatisfactory products are discarded
39
quality control - E & E
efficiency - identifying & fixing cause of an error prevents the error from reoccurring, resulting in less waste being created during production. reducing waste is an optimal use of resources effectiveness - eliminating errors prevent customers receiving faulty products
40
quality control - A & D
A - preventing customers from receiving a faulty good or service can improve a business's rep for having consistently high-quality products - relatively inexpensive D - business can develop a poor rep as environmentally harmful as this strategy doesn't actively attempt to reduce waste - can be TC to identify the cause of errors
41
quality assurance
if a business achieves a certified standard of quality in its production after an independent body assesses its operations system
42
quality assurance - E & E
efficiency - preventing errors before they occur reduces the number of halts to production occurring due to finding & fixing causes of faulty products effectiveness - customers are more likely to purchase a good or service with a certified standard of quality that can meet the objective of increasing a business's sales
43
quality assurance - A & D
A - reduces waste from errors which improve the environmental rep of a business rep - the practice of prevention of errors can reduce waste & its associated expenses D - documenting the operations system for the external body to check could be time consuming - can be excessive to organise an external body to assess an operations system
44
total quality management
is a holistic approach where all employees are committed to continuously improving a business's operations system to enhance the quality for customers
45
total quality management - E & E
efficiency - continuously improving the quality of the production system to prevent errors reduce the number of faulty products that go to waste effectiveness - by determining the needs & wants of a customer TQM can meet the objectives of improving customer satisfaction & increasing sales
46
total quality management - A & D
A - Businesses can adapt TQM to suit their specific business requirements - employees may feel valued & satisfied by being empowered in the process of improving quality D - can take a long time for a business to enjoy the benefits of TQM as it requires a shift in culture - may incur costs as employees have to be trained to continuously identify methods to improve quality
47
waste minimization
is the process of reducing the amount of unused materials time or labour within a business
48
waste minimization - E & E
efficiency - by only using the required amount of materials time etc a business can produce items faster increasing their rate of production effectiveness - reducing waste lowers operational costs which can allow for a business to offer lower prices to customers.
49
lean management
the process of systematically reducing waste in all areas of production while improving customer value
50
pull
is customers determining the amount of products a business should produce for sale
51
one-piece-flow
is a single product moving through all stages of production one at a time
52
takt
is synchronising production steps to meet customer demand
53
zero defects
is preventing defects from occuring in the production process
54
lean management - Efficiency
efficiency - pull - reduces overproduction one-piece-flow - reduces the number of errors in production takt - optimizes flow of materials between stages & production reducing time being wasted zero defects - employees & the business aims to continuously reduce waste & encouraged to anticipate
55
lean management - effectiveness
pull - gain products at right quality which ensures customer needs & expectations of value are met one-piece-flow - only maintains processes that add value to customers improving their satisfaction takt - improves the flow of processes & optimizes the production of goods zero defects - aiming for continuous improvement may lead to customers receiving products with no defects & of quality improving their satisfaction
56
lean management - A & D
A - business rep is improved as actively reducing & managing waste - reduces overall use of materials leads to less production costs D - employees may be redundant to commit to an attitude of zero defects due to effort & commitment required - can be costly to implement as employees may need to be trained when production processes are altered
57
supply chain management
the coordination of the flow of goods & services from raw materials to delivering final products to customers
58
global sourcing inputs
is acquiring raw materials or resources from overseas suppliers
59
global sourcing inputs - A & D
A - able to source materials which aren't readily available in the country of operations - improves access to cheaper raw materials reducing cost of production D - may be difficult to communicate with suppliers due to language barriers - materials may be damaged during delivery
60
overseas manufactures
producing goods or services in a location outside of a business's headquarters country
61
overseas manufactures - A & D
A - can improve access to skilled employees who have enterprise in production - can improve production speed due to exterpise of overseas employees D - finished goods may be damaged during delivery - poor communication & language barriers may lead to multiple delays
62
global outsourcing
is transferring specific business activites to an external business in an overseas country
63
global outsourcing -A & D
A - can improve quality of a business activities at the external business may be experts in the area - productivity may increase as the external business has expertise to complete tasks efficiently D - reduced control over the business as some activities transferred to external business's - local employees from the business's main operating country are likely to lose their jobs
64
GSI vs GSO
GSI - acquires supplies overseas for manufacturing - allocate certain business tasks to external businesses GSO - certain business activities such as IT services are completed
65
GSI vs OM
GSI - acquire supplies overseas for manufacturing - ensure that the correct materials of right quality are acquired OM - manufacturing phase occurs overseas
66
GO vs OM
GO - business has little control over transferred activity - produce good or activity in a location separate away from business's main office OM - business retains control over operations
67
Corporate social responsibility
is the ethical conduct of a business beyond legal obligations to improve the social, economic & environmental outcomes of stakeholders
68
CSR considerations for inputs
managers may have to consider sacrificing the cheapest production costs & purchase inputs that reduce the business's impact on the environment instead
69
CSR considerations for processes
implementing CSR in operations processes can make a business more efficient & effective by reducing waste & improving its reputation
70
CSR considerations for outputs
While the output of a business is meant to create value to the customer it's socially responsible to ensure that goods & services produced doesn't cause harm to the wider community.
71
google CSR example
Google is a huge business with over 135 thousand employees. However they still make an effort to go above and beyond in CSR 
 Currently, google is carbon neutral which means for every carbon dioxide metric tonne (co2e) they will plant trees or use renewable power sources to offset their carbon usage 
 By 2030 they aim to be completely carbon neutral using completely renewable energy in their offices. 
72
global sourcing of inputs
is acquiring raw materials or resources from overseas suppliers

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