AoS

Question 1

Where does the intercostal neurovascular bundle lie?

Answer 1

B/w the internal and innermost intercostal muscles in the subcostal groove

Question 2

The thickness of the skin on the chest wall is {…}

Answer 2

1mm

Question 3

[…] is the latin for the word ‘ribs’

Answer 3

Costa

Question 4

There are […] pairs of ribs

Answer 4

12

Question 5

The muscles directly below the breast tissue are […] and […]

Answer 5

• pectoralis major

- pectoralis minor

Question 6

[…] muscles solely have attachment to the chest wall

Answer 6

Intrinsic

Question 7

[…] muscles have an attacment to the chest wall and also one attachment outside of the chest

Answer 7

Extrinsic

Question 8

Ribs facilitate […]

Answer 8

Breathing

Question 9

There are […] layers to the intercostal muscles, which are: [1,2,3]

Answer 9

3, external intercostal, internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles (superior to deep)

Question 10

The pleural cavity lies b/w […] pleura and […] pleura

Answer 10

parietal and visceral

Question 11

The sternum is made up of 3 parts, the [1,2,3]

Answer 11

manubrium sterni, body of sternum and xiphisternum (xiphoid process)

Question 12

The manubriosternal joint is a […] joint and has a little bit of movement

Answer 12

Secondary cartilagenous

Question 13

The xiphisternum is […] and ossifies later in life

Answer 13

cartilagenous

Question 14

The […] are the major arteries of the head and neck and the […] are the major veins

Answer 14

Common carotids and Internal jugular

Question 15

The […] are the major arteries of the upper limb

Answer 15

Subclavian

Question 16

The […] is the major artery of the trunk and the […] is the major vein

Answer 16

Aorta and IVC

Question 17

The […] are the major arteries of the lower limb and pelvis

Answer 17

Common iliac arteries

Question 18

The apex of the heart is in the […] intercostal space and the mid-clavicular line

Answer 18

5th

Question 19

The right hand side of the heart is at the level of the […] costal cartilage

Answer 19

6th

Question 20

The top left of the heart sits at the level of the […] intercostal space

Answer 20

2nd

Question 21

The top right of the heart sits at the level of the […] intercostal space

Answer 21

3rd

Question 22

The heart is covered by a membrane called the […] and it fuses to the central tendon of the diaphragm

Answer 22

Pericardium

Question 23

The heart sits on the […]

Answer 23

Central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 24

Parietal pericardium lies […] to the fibrous pericardium and fuses with it

Answer 24

deep

Question 25

The serous membranes of the heart are [...] and [...] and the fluid secreted sits b/w these two layers

Answer 25

Parietal and visceral pericardium

Question 26

Loose connective tissue + visceral pericardium of the heart = [...]

Answer 26

The epicardium

Question 27

The muscle of the heart is the [...]

Answer 27

Myocardium

Question 28

The innermost layer of the heart is the [...]

Answer 28

Endocardium

Question 29

The serous fluid [...] themovements that the heart makes

Answer 29

lubricates

Question 30

[...] is when there is fluid buildup b/w the parietal and fibrous pericardium. This causes [...] to increase and means there is an [inward/outward] pressure on the heart. Therefore there is a decreased CO as the heart cannot function properly

Answer 30

- Cardiac tamponade | - pressure

Question 31

Cardiac tamponade is due to [...] and needs to be drained by using a needle

Answer 31

- excess fluid

Question 32

Cardiac tamponade causes irritation of the parietal and fibrous pericardium which is supplied by the [...] nerves which are at the levels of C3,4,5 which means the patient then gets pain on the dermatomes C3,4,5 - shoulder pain

Answer 32

Phrenic

Question 33

The area b/w the parietal and fibrous pericardium is known as the [...]

Answer 33

Pericardial space