AOS1 Flashcards
Sovereignty (2 marks)
- The legitimate and widely recognized ability to exercise effective control over a recognized defined borders.
- Is the main organizing principal in GP; provides states the authority to represent their populations in the IC
2b. Can be challenged internally (e.g. by separatist groups) or externally (e.g. by a state invading)
State vs Nation
State: a political entity, not necessarily w a unified cultural identity. Posses a permanent population, defined territory and recognized sovereignty. Not necessarily culturally homogenous
Nation: groups of ppl claiming common bond based upon shared culture, history and language. May or may not have their own state
Key differences
-Type of entity
-Ability to represent pop in IGO
-Level of sovereignty
Ev for contested boarders impeding sovereignty
- Lack of E.C = neither C nor J r able to access resources in Senkaku Islands. E.g. 8/16 = 300 boats + 15 C coast gaurd encircle Senkaku Islands –> J x able to access fish resources.
-11/13 C claims Air defence identification zone over SI –> ability 4 J to send planes through region
-Legitimacy
- 11/13 US sends 2 b-52 bombers through ADIZ w/o notifying C = decreases legitimacy of control > ADIZ
-US defence secretary ‘reaffirmed longstanding policy that Art V of US-Japan Mutual Defence Treaty applied 2 SI t/f increased legit of J’s claim
Structure of EU
28 memb states w pooled sovereignty (aka upward transfer of sov) to increase rep in institutes to form single trade zone
EU council + EU parl make laws
ECJ = highest court in EU + able to enforce EU directives w fines
EU law given precedent
States = ‘masters of treaties’ = able to choose optional extension treaties to sign e.g Schengen Area = 22/28
Hungarian Case study
Impact of Eu on Sov
X challenge sov
-X able to fully enact A7 of EU charter
Multilateralism
-A system of coordinating relations b/w 3+ states. Usually in the pursuit of objectives in particular areas.
-E.g. IMF policy advice aims to bring states inline w Washington Consensus –> 2020 advised G20 to issue bilateral debt relief to states who received loans –> G20 Debt Suppression Initiative = affected 73 states bc repayments suspended until at least 2021
-E.g. Paris Climate Agreement = 191 signatories = 95% of GHG emissions covered –> states agree to create NDC’s –> 135 + EU have issued second NDC + 13 states + EU have pledged carbon neutral by 2050
- agree to limit to 2 degrees c + establish Enhanced Transparency Framework = must report on CC mitigation efforts every 2 yrs
Aims of the ICC
-To ensure the worst perpetrators are held accountable for their crimes
-To assist national judiciaries in the investigation and prosecution of worst perpetrators, allowing states to be the 1st to investigate and prosecute
-To serve as a court of last resort that can investigate, prosecute and punish the perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity + war crimes
-Help promote international peace and security by deferring would be offenders
Aims of the UN
-To keep peace throughout the world
-To develop friendly relations between states
-To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, illiteracy and disease in the world, to stop environmental destruction and encourage respect for each others rights and freedoms
-To be a centre for helping nations achieve these aims
What are the aims of THE state
-Maintain sovereignty
-Maintain national security
-Other national interests. e.g. ensure financial stability, eco prosperity, int standing + regional relationships
What are the aims of CC
-To further the beliefs of CC on int stage
-Promote ‘peace + security’ (re 2015 UNGA adress)
-Have comprehensive enviro policy
-Compassion for marginalised ppl (esp ref)
Roles of cath church
-Provide moral guidance 2 1.1-1.3bil followers
-Spread church agenda (e.g via UN observer status)
Where does the CC’s power come from?
-Size of follower base- 1.1-1.3bil ppl (1/6 global pop)- ‘The pope wields an unparrelled moral megaphone’ -Wikileaks
-Use of media/platform- SM- Twitter (Eng + Spanish both have 18.8mil followers + Italian = 5mil + IG=8.7mil) + Forbes listed him as the 6th most powerful person in 2018 + no. journalists follow him (>pol) t/f inc spread
-Diplomatic presence- 183 dip relations (2nd largest no.), Vatican = sov state + UN observer status allows him to give speeches
-Eco- immeasurable- 170$bil p/annual spending- $150bil on schools/higher edu + hosp –> inc ability to spread inf
What has the CC done to address ref-
-2013- Pope Francis visited Mediterranean island + delivered homily lamenting deaths of those attempt to cross + condemn westing states 4 inaction (1st trip outside of Rome t/f inc weight of moral condemnation)
-Aug 15 call 4 all church parishes to host ref regardless of religion –> lead by e.g. + host ref in Vatican in Sep 15
-Nov 17 visits Myanmar h/w x talk on plight of ref
Impact of CC’s attempt to assist ref
-Post 2013 homily –> Italy create Op Mare Nostrum - Saved 150.8k lives + arrested 300 ppl smugglers (h/w only last 1yr b/c Eu X willing to fully fund) - dems ability to inf Int com
-2015 appeal 4 parishes to hose ref- limited b/c many x want 2 take non-cath e.g. Monks in Slovakian village h/w does help inc US intake of ref 100% under Obama (NB other factors play into this)
What are the aims of the IMF
-Promote international monetary coop
-Promote exchange stability
-to assist in the est a multilateral syst of payments… in elimination of foreign exchange restrictions which hamper the growth of world trade
-to facilitate the expansion + balanced growth of int trade, and to contribute thereby to the promotion + maintenance of high levels of employment, real income + to develop the production of resources of all membs as goal of eco pol
-make resources available to memb states experiencing balance of payment difficulties
