AOS1: Western Classical Music from 1600-1910

Question 1

Conjunct

Answer 1

Melody: smooth line, mostly stepwise

Question 2

Disjunct

Answer 2

Melody: broken line, lots of leaps and jumps

Question 3

Triadic

Answer 3

Melody: line moving using the notes of the chord. 1st, 3rd, and 5th.

Question 4

Scalic

Answer 4

Melody: line going up and down the notes of a scale, in order.

Question 5

Arpeggio

Answer 5

Melody: playing the notes of a chord on after an other.

Question 6

Passing Note

Answer 6

Melody: a note which passes between two notes a 3rd apart, joining them together.

Question 7

Diatonic

Answer 7

Melody & Harmony: notes which belong to the key/chord.

Question 8

Chromatic

Answer 8

Melody & Harmony: notes which do not belong the the key/chord.

Question 9

Slide / Portamento

Answer 9

Articulation: Sliding between two notes.

Question 10

Ornamentation

Answer 10

Melody: ways in which performers and composers decorate a melody.

Question 11

Acciaccatura

Answer 11

Melody: Grace note: a short note which is squeezed in.

Question 12

Appoggiatura

Answer 12

Melody: Grace note: a note which takes half of the value from the proceeding note.

Question 13

Ostinato

Answer 13

Melody: a short melodic phrase or chord sequence that is repeated. Can either last a whole piece or a section of music.

Question 14

Articulation

Answer 14

Articulation: The way a note is played.

Question 15

Consonant

Answer 15

Harmony: notes which sound ‘nice’ together.

Question 16

Dissonant

Answer 16

Harmony: notes which do not sound ‘nice’ together.

Question 17

Pedal

Answer 17

Harmony: A note which is held, as the harmony changes above it. Usually the tonic or dominant.

Question 18

Drone

Answer 18

Harmony: notes which sound continuously through a piece. Think - Bagpipes.

Question 19

Perfect Cadence

Answer 19

Harmony: sounds finished. V-I.

Question 20

Plagal Cadence

Answer 20

Harmony: sounds finished (Amen). IV-I.

Question 21

Imperfect Cadence

Answer 21

Harmony: sounds unfinished. I-V.

Question 22

Interrupted Cadence

Answer 22

Harmony: doesn’t go where you expect. V-vi.

Question 23

Tiérce de Picardie

Answer 23

Harmony: perfect cadence in a minor key, which ends on the tonic major. v-I.

Question 24

Seventh Chords

Answer 24

Harmony: an extra third built on top of a regular triad. C-E-G-Bb.

Question 25

C Major

Answer 25

Tonality: key with 0 sharps/flats

Question 26

G Major

Answer 26

Tonality: key with 1 sharp

Question 27

D Major

Answer 27

Tonality: key with 2 sharps

Question 28

A Major

Answer 28

Tonality: key with 3 sharps

Question 29

E Major

Answer 29

Tonality: key with 4 sharps

Question 30

F Major

Answer 30

Tonality: key with 1 flat

Question 31

Bb Major

Answer 31

Tonality: key with 2 flats

Question 32

Eb Major

Answer 32

Tonality: key with 3 flats

Question 33

Ab Major

Answer 33

Tonality: key with 4 flats

Question 34

A Minor

Answer 34

Tonality: key with 0 sharps/flats

Question 35

E minor

Answer 35

Tonality: key with 1 sharp

Question 36

B minor

Answer 36

Tonality: key with 2 sharps

Question 37

F# minor

Answer 37

Tonality: key with 3 sharps

Question 38

C# minor

Answer 38

Tonality: key with 4 sharps

Question 39

D minor

Answer 39

Tonality: key with 1 flat

Question 40

G minor

Answer 40

Tonality: key with 2 flats

Question 41

C minor

Answer 41

Tonality: key with 3 flats

Question 42

F minor

Answer 42

Tonality: key with 4 flats

Question 43

Modulation

Answer 43

Tonality: gradual process of changing key.

Question 44

Relative Major / Minor

Answer 44

Tonality: keys which share the same number of flats/sharps. F/Dm

Question 45

Tonic Major / Minor

Answer 45

Tonality: keys which share the same tonic. C Major / C minor

Question 46

Binary Form

Answer 46

Structure: A B

Question 47

Ternary Form

Answer 47

Structure: A B A

Question 48

Rondo Form

Answer 48

Structure: A B A C A

Question 49

Arch Form

Answer 49

Structure: A B C B A

Question 50

Through-Composed

Answer 50

Structure: a piece which is composed from beginning to end, in no regular structure.

Question 51

Theme and Variations

Answer 51

Structure: A melody which is followed by a set of variations of it. Changing the time signature, speed and usually increasing in difficulty.

Question 52

Sonata

Answer 52

Structure: solo instrument accompanied by piano.

Question 53

Sonata Form

Answer 53

Structure: Exposition, Development, Recapitulation.

Question 54

Minuet and Trio

Answer 54

Structure: Two dances played one after another. Usually in triple time.

Question 55

Call & Response

Answer 55

Structure: One instrument plays first, followed by others that respond.

Question 56

Ground Bass

Answer 56

Structure: A repeating bass line which repeats throughout the composition.

Question 57

Continuo

Answer 57

Structure/Instrumentation: A string instrument which plays the bass line along with a keyboard instrument that realises figured bass.

Question 58

Cadenza

Answer 58

Structure/Melody: A solo passage towards the end of a piece which allows the soloist to show off.

Question 59

Arco.

Answer 59

Sonority: string technique - bowed.

Question 60

Pizz.

Answer 60

Sonority: string technique - plucked.

Question 61

Con Sord.

Answer 61

Sonority: Italian - with mute.

Question 62

Monophonic

Answer 62

Texture: one instrument playing alone.

Question 63

Octaves

Answer 63

Texture: instruments playing the same melody line at different octaves.

Question 64

Unison

Answer 64

Texture: Two or more instruments playing the same thing at the same octave.

Question 65

Homophonic

Answer 65

Texture: Lines of music moving together, playing different notes. Think Bach Chorales.

Question 66

Polyphonic / Contrapuntal

Answer 66

Texture: Lots of lines of music of equal importance playing different things.

Question 67

Canon

Answer 67

Texture: instruments playing the same melody, beginning at different times.

Question 68

Antiphonal

Answer 68

Texture: Call & Response

Question 69

A Cappella

Answer 69

Texture: Unaccompanied singing. (In a church style).

Question 70

Melody & Accompaniment

Answer 70

Texture: One melody accompanied by chords.

Question 71

Quadruple time

Answer 71

Rhythm & Metre: 4 beats in a bar

Question 72

Triple time

Answer 72

Rhythm & Metre: 3 beats in a bar

Question 73

Duple time

Answer 73

Rhythm & Metre: 2 beats in a bar

Question 74

Anacrusis

Answer 74

Rhythm & Metre: a pick up beat/note

Question 75

Augmentation

Answer 75

Rhythm & Metre: to make rhythms longer

Question 76

Diminution

Answer 76

Rhythm & Metre: to make rhythms smaller

Question 77

Hemiola

Answer 77

Rhythm & Metre: a rhythmic pattern of syncopated beats with two beats in the time of three or three beats in the time of two.

Question 78

Semibreve

Answer 78

Rhythm & Metre: a 4 beat note

Question 79

Minim

Answer 79

Rhythm & Metre: a 2 beat note

Question 80

Crotchet

Answer 80

Rhythm & Metre: a 1 beat note

Question 81

Quaver

Answer 81

Rhythm & Metre: a 1/2 beat note

Question 82

Semiquaver

Answer 82

Rhythm & Metre: a 1/4 beat note

Question 83

Triplets

Answer 83

Rhythm & Metre: 3 notes in the space of 2

Question 84

Rubato

Answer 84

Rhythm & Metre: speeding up and slowing down a piece of music for expressive purposes. “Borrowed Time”

Question 85

General Pause

Answer 85

Rhythm & Metre: Silent bar

Question 86

Tempo

Answer 86

Rhythm & Metre: Italian meaning ‘speed’

Question 87

Pianissimo (pp)

Answer 87

Dynamics: Very quiet

Question 88

Piano (p)

Answer 88

Dynamics: quiet

Question 89

Mezzo-piano (mp)

Answer 89

Dynamics: Medium-quiet

Question 90

Mezzo-forte (mf)

Answer 90

Dynamics: Medium-loud

Question 91

Forte (f)

Answer 91

Dynamics: Loud

Question 92

Fortissimo (ff)

Answer 92

Dynamics: Very Loud

Question 93

Crescendo, cresc.,

Answer 93

Dynamics: gradually getting louder

Question 94

Diminuendo, dim., >

Answer 94

Dynamics: gradually getting quieter

Question 95

Sforzando, sfz.

Answer 95

Dynamics: Attack the note (usually come away after)