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AOS2 Flashcards

1
Q

August Decrees

A

4-11 August 1789

18 decrees or articles concerning abolition of feudalism, other privileges of the nobility and seigneurial rights

dampened unrest of the great fear but violence continued for a year

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2
Q

The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen (DORMAC)

A

20-26 August 1789

not a constitution but the basis for one

outlined the inalienable rights of man

Key concepts: equality - political, elimination of fiscal privilege, merit and utility - social rank based on skill and achievement

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3
Q

Initial reforms

A

A new rational system of law
- uniform legal system

universal proportional tax

abolition of indirect taxes

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4
Q

Women’s March to Versailles

A

6 October 1789

Louis rejected August Decrees and questions DORMAC

7000 women invaded Constituent Assembly then the palace at Versailles demanding lower bread prices and officers who trampled the cockade to be punished

marched royal family back to Paris

King and revolutionary government based out of Paris and controlled by the Parisian crowd

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5
Q

Abolition of religious orders

A

13 February 1790

excluding teaching and medical services

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6
Q

rationalisation of France into 83 administrative departments

A

26 February 1790

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7
Q

Creation of the municipal ‘sections’ of Paris

A

21 May 1790

Council meetings for suburbs (later became meeting places for sans culottes)

Central section for Paris was the commune, becoming the Insurrectionary Commune 9th August 1792 a day before Louis was overthrown

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8
Q

Abolition of nobility and all other honorific distinctions

A

19 June 1790

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9
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

12 July 1790

king proclaimed it on the 24 August 1790

Pope was stripped of power to appoint Bishops and Arch-Bishops, they were elected by the people including non Catholics

changed the idea that these were elected through god through the pope

Pope rejected the constitution going as far as saying the revolution rejected God

created first division within the rev

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10
Q

Festival of Federation

A

14 July 1790

national celebration of the revolution and national unity

anniversary of the Bastille

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11
Q

Clerical Oath

A

27 November

Assembly demands priests to swear an oath of loyalty to the civil constitution of the clergy.

created refractory and non juring priests who refused to take the oath

54% took the oath 36% did not

king met with a non juring priest

led to riots in western France

90% refusal rate in Vendee region

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12
Q

Pope condemns the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, Bull Charitas

A

13 April 1791

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13
Q

18 April 1791

A

crowds prevent royal family from leaving Paris for vacation in Saint-Cloud

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14
Q

Royal families’ flight to Varennes

A

20-21 June 1791

attempt to flee to Austria

constituent assembly claim they were kidnapped

a man recognised Louis from a coin and they were brough back

“the flight to Varennes opened up the second greatest schism of the revolution” - William Doyle

increased want for a republic further dividing the revolution

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15
Q

suspension of the king

A

24 June 1791

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16
Q

Champ de Mars

A

17 July 1791

Petition for the kings abdication

crowd of 50 000 turned on two suspicious figures in the crowd

Lafayette arrived, stones were thrown, the National Guard open fired on the crowd

50 people killed many more injured

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17
Q

Coalition against revolutionary France

A

25 July 1791

European Nations

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18
Q

Haitian rebellion

A

14 August 1791

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19
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A

27 August 1791

Prussia urging European powers to unite and restore the monarchy in France

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20
Q

Constitution of 1791

A

3 September 1791

based on values of DORMAC

constitutional monarchy

king has suspensive vetos which suspend laws for 6 years (he uses this from 1790 till he is deposed in 1792)

created the active passive citizen division

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21
Q

first parliament

A

13-14 September 1791

King approves the constitution and swears loyalty to the revolution the constituent assembly is dissolved.

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22
Q

Legislative Assembly

A

1 October 1791

Second government

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23
Q

Brissot first suggests revolutionary war

A

20 October 1791

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24
Q

order for emigrated nobles to return or lose their property

A

November 1791

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25
Decree for Committees of Surveillance
25 November 1791
26
renewal of refractory priests to take oath of loyalty
29 November 1791
27
France makes an ultimatum to Austria
25 January 1792
28
France declares war on Austria
20 April 1792 bad start to the war looking like defeat was imminent
29
first use of the guillotine
25 April 1792
30
National Guard ordered to Paris to safeguard the rev
8 June 1792 20 000 troops allowing more troops to go to the front fear of King staging a military takeover
31
20 June 1792
The first revolutionary upheaval 8000 working people radicalised members of the National Guard marched on the Legislative Assembly singing the bloodthirsty Ca Ira and parading a cows heart - 'the heart of an aristocrat'
32
The Brunswick Manifesto
25 July 1792 Duke of Brunswick swore that if any harm came to the royal family Austrian troops would execute the entire city Paris
33
3 August 1792
radical Paris 'sections' demand the king be dethroned
34
10 August 1792
20 000 people on the streets crowds storm the Tuileries Palace and the legislative assembly demanded a new parliament elected by universal male suffrage and the surrender of the king to the people power shifted from the middle class legislative assembly to the popular revolutionary movement king is suspended and laws previously vetoed were implemented
35
Extraordinary Tribunal
17 August 1792 a special committee of vigilance Simon Schama believes this is the start of a revolutionary police state in France powers to arrest counter revolutionaries arresting approximately 1000 people Danton the new minister of justice ordered home visits to locate these people it left 300 deputies and the Brisotins (Girondins) in power while the Girondins were gaining power in the Legislative Assembly the Jacobins were gaining power in the Insurrectionary commune
36
2 September 1792
the Prussians capture the last fortress before Paris Danton is appointed a minister and organises an enormous war effort
37
September Massacres
2-6 September 1792 threat of invasion created panic and aggression fear from conspiracies of anti-revolutionaries held in prison and Marat's encouragement vigilant groups formed juries, questioned prisoners and condemned 1200 to death usually beating victims to death metal bars, 19 priests were hacked to death no revolutionary authority tried to stop these massacres
38
Battle of Valmy turning point in the war
20 September 1792 Prussian army devastated by disease
39
Third Parliament
21 September 1792 National Convention divided into three groups of 250 the mountain - radical jacobins, Marat, Danton, Robespierre the plain - moderates Sieyes, Grégoire the Girondins or 'moderate revolutionaries - Brissot, Roland
40
22 September 1792
The Republic is proclaimed!!
41
trial of the king
3-26 December 1792 7 January citizen Louis Capet was declared guilty of conspiracy against public liberty
42
condemnation of the Kind
7-18 January 1793 387 in favour 334 against decree for his execution
43
Execution of the King
21 January 1793 Mary Antoinette was also guillotined nine months later
44
France declares war on great britain and the dutch republic
1 February 1793 fighting the First Coalition - England, Russia, Austro-Hungary and Spain
45
Conscription
24 February 1793 300 000 men
46
Revolutionary Tribunal
10 March 1793 to try traitors
47
Rebellion in the Vendee region
11 March triggered by the military Levy peasant grievance's as a result of the revolution such as reforms to the church, resale of church property was too expensive for peasants army of 10 000 men women and children conducting guerrilla warfare, nobles joined attempted to capture a port city in the region to allow British ships to land
48
creation of revolutionary committees
21 March 1793
49
Dumouriez defects to the Austrians
5 April 1793
50
Creation of Committee of Public Safety
created in March 6 April 1793 - gained executive powers Robespierre was elected in July 1793 to defend the revolution from threats from within and from the outside and maintain supplies to army and population
51
Girondins attempt to try Marat
13-24 April 1793 at the time he was president of the Jacobins acquitted 'father of the people'
52
Federalist Revolt
29 April 1793 rebellion in Marseille affected 60 of France's 83 departments main centres were Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille and Toulon wanted to protect the national convention and crush the popular movement
53
Law of Maximum
4 May 1793 pressure from the Sans Culottes Maximum price on wheat, and flower to bring down the price of bread
54
Appointment of the Commission of Twelve
set up to investigate the commune arrested Herbert and the leader of the enrages
55
Anti-Girondin riots
31 may - 2 June 1793 27 May mob burst into the convention demanding the release of Herbert, Varlet and abolition of the Commission of 12
56
Purge of Girondins from the Convention
militia of 20 000 workers and the National Guard invades convention demanded Girondin deputies to be expelled and the commission of 12 to be dissolved the arrest of 29 Girondin deputies was ordered from then on deputies within the national convention weren't safe
57
Jacobin Constitution
24 June 1793 accepted by the convention
58
death of Marat
13 July 1793 second political assassination
59
economic terror
26 July death penalty introduced to hoarding
60
Robespierre becomes member of committee of Public Safety
27 July 1793
61
government by terror
5 September 1793
62
Turning point in the war effort
september 1793
63
Law of Suspects
17 September 1793 arrests can be made on almost any pretext
64
Law of General Maximum
29 September 1793 price maximum made general on all goods
65
trial of Girondins
24 - 31 October 1793 culmination in their execution
66
Formal decree of revolutionary government
4 December 1793
67
slavery abolished
4 February 1794 successful Haitian revolution
68
arrest and execution of left - wing Herbertists
13-24 March publicly called for an insurrection against the government, contravened a law against insurrection swiftly tried and executed
69
April 1794
2000 men, women and children killed in Lyon
70
Execution of Danton and Desmoulins
5 April 1794 criticised continuation of the terror executing them was a step towards the dictatorship of the Jacobins
71
Festival of the Supreme Being
8 June 1794
72
Law of 22 Prairial
10 June 1794 exceeded the law of suspects in giving the committees power to arrest and execute people eliminated the deputies immunity McPhee - before the law of Prairial 1251 were executed over four months but after 1376 were executed in six weeks cause for execution and arrest became increasingly petty such as simply being a part of the old tax- farming system.
73
introduction of wage controls
5 July 1794
74
fall of Robespierre and associates
27-28 July (thermidor) Robespierre claimed there were still traitors amongst the National Convention demanding one last purge. He refused to name them but stated they were in the National Convention, the Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of General Security, effectively threatening everybody period after the fall of the Jacobins is the Thermidorian reaction shot in the face with his jaw hanging loose and was executed
75
Trial of the Jacobins
March 1795
76
the rebellion of Germinal
1-2 April 1795 final attempts for economic reform Demanded the return of the Constitution of 1793, cheaper bread and outlaw of the gangs of gilded youth It had no leaders or support and was evicted by gangs of right-wing activists summoned by the National Convention
77
Rebellion of Prairial
20 - 23 April 1795 Crowd attack on National Convention Deputy Jean Feraud was shot dead and his head was cut off and held up to Boissy d’Anglas who had taken the president's chair Lacking leaders the crowd was soon dispersed by troops
78
repression of Sans Culottes
4000 militants deported to a military prison on a remote island 'dry guillotine'
79
National Convention closes
26 October 1795
80
Executive Directory is established
2 November 1795
81
new political team of 1795
moderate Girondins and Plains along with conservative royalists
82
Lyons
the revolution was by no means ended on 9 thermidor... the aspirations of the middle classes who made the revolution were only just beginning to come to fruition

French Revolution (2 decks)

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