AOS2

Question 1

what is a exergonic reaction?

Answer 1

A reaction that releases energy

Question 2

what is a endergonic reaction?

Answer 2

A reaction that requires energy

Question 3

what is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 3

A chemical reaction that breaks big molecules into smaller molecules

Question 4

what is a anabolic reaction?

Answer 4

A chemical reaction that builds a bigger molecule from small molecules

Question 5

What enzyme is used in C4 and Cam plants to bind CO2?

Answer 5

PEP Carboxylase

Question 6

What type of cell is PEP Carboxylase found in?

Answer 6

Mesophyll cell

Question 7

What type of cell is Rubisco found in?

Answer 7

Bundle Sheath cell

Question 8

Balanced equation for photosynthesis

Answer 8

6CO2+12H20 light/chlorophyll- C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2

Question 9

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 9

Cytosol

Question 10

Name of cell where Calvin cycle occurs in a C4 plant

Answer 10

Bundle Sheath cell

Question 11

How do CAM plants save water?

Answer 11

They close their stomata during the day where the temperatures are too got and open at night where it is cooler to collect CO2

Question 12

What is it called when C3 plants mistake CO2 for O2

Answer 12

Photorespiration

Question 13

Role of accessory pigments

Answer 13

Can collect energy from wavelengths Chlorophyll A can’t and delivers it to Chlorophyll A for photosynthesis

Question 14

Name accessory pigments

Answer 14

Carotene and Chlorophyll B

Question 15

How many ATP are created in alcoholic fermentation

Answer 15

2 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 16

Place in which light dependant reactions occur

Answer 16

Thylakoid membrane

Question 17

Form in which the Thylakoid membrane is found

Answer 17

Stacked on top of each other in discs (Grana) to increase surface area chlorophyll exposed to light so more glucose produced per second

Question 18

Where does light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur?

Answer 18

Stroma

Question 19

Effect of exceeding optimal temperature on a plant and the effect on photosynthesis

Answer 19

The enzymes within the plants active sites denature and their tertiary structure is destroyed. Substrates can’t bind and photosynthesis is unable to be performed or not at a fast enough rate

Question 20

What is feedback inhibition

Answer 20

The product being made from an enzyme is used as a non-competitive inhibitor of the original enzyme to stop the production of that particular product

Question 21

Coenzymes involved in photosynthesis

Answer 21

NADPH+ and ATP

Question 22

Do plants gain or loose weight overnight?

Answer 22

All plants loose weight over night as their is no sun to photosynthesise as night so they can’t create energy yet they need to respirate which required glucose

Question 23

What is also the outputs of the light dependant reactions

Answer 23

The inputs of the light independent reactions plus CO2

Question 24

Factors which effect enzyme activity include…

Answer 24

Ph, temperature, presence of inhibitors, concentration of substrates and enzymes, presence of cofactors

Question 25

What is the purpose of folds of the Cristae of the Mitochondria

Answer 25

The folds increase the surface area to allow more chemical reactions to occur

Question 26

In which things does photosynthesis occur in?

Answer 26

Plants and algae

Question 27

What coenzyme does Rubisco rely on?

Answer 27

NADPH

Question 28

what happens to enzymes when exposed to heat?

Answer 28

Enzyme and substrate molecules gain kinetic energy allowing for more frequent collisions between substrates and active sites, hence more enzyme-substrate complexes are formed. Therefore, increasing reaction rates.

Question 29

what happens to enzymes exposed to excess heat?

Answer 29

enzymes denature meaning their 3-D conformational shapes change, hence the tertiary structure of their active sites are destroyed. Meaning enzyme-substrate complexes cannot form and reaction rates fall.

Question 30

what happens to enzymes after excessive heat loss?

Answer 30

enzyme and substrate molecules lose kinetic energy, so collision between active sites and substrates occur less often. Therefore, enzyme-substrate complexes are less likely to form and reaction rates fall. The effect is fully reversible with the addition of heat.

Question 31

What are cofactors?

Answer 31

non-protein molecules or ions that are necessary for the function of particular enzymes. Inorganic cofactors are not changed during the reaction and are firmly bound to the enzyme while organic cofactors (coenzymes) are altered.

Question 32

what are coenzymes?

Answer 32

small organic(non-protein) molecules that are necessary for certain enzymes to catalyse a reaction. They loosely bind with the enzyme to form the active enzyme only when the enzyme is acting on the substrate.

Question 33

what is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 33

it mimics the substrate and competes for the active site.

Question 34

what is a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 34

binds to enzyme at location away from active site, but alters the shape of the enzyme so that the active site is no longer functional.

Question 35

what is allostery?

Answer 35

a form of non-competitive inhibition.

Question 36

what are reversible inhibitors?

Answer 36

attach to enzymes with non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds.

Question 37

what are irreversible inhibitors?

Answer 37

usually covalently modify an enzyme and inhibition can therefore not be reversed.

Question 38

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 38

the synthesis of organic molecules (eg.glucose) from water and carbon dioxide using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll.

Question 39

what organisms photosynthesise?

Answer 39

plants, algae and cyanobacteria

Question 40

what is the thylakoid?

Answer 40

membranes that form stacks (grana) which contain chlorophyll a and accessory pigments (site of the light dependent reactions)

Question 41

what is the stroma?

Answer 41

the inner membrane encloses fluid called stroma which is the site of the light independent reactions

Question 42

Light dependent reaction inputs and outputs?

Answer 42

inputs: light energy, 12H2O, NADP+, ADP + Pi. outputs: 6O2, NADPH, ATP

Question 43

Light independent reaction inputs and outputs?

Answer 43

inputs: NADPH, ATP, 6CO2 outputs: NADP+, ADP + Pi, glucose, 6H2O

Question 44

what is rubisco?

Answer 44

an enzyme which captures carbon dioxide during the light independent stage of photosynthesis. It is the most common protein on earth!!!

Question 45

what are chloroplasts?

Answer 45

the site of photosynthesis in many plants cells and protists.