AOS2 Chapter 7 (Acute Responses) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in AOS2 Chapter 7 (Acute Responses) Deck (25)
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1
Q

Acute response

A
  • A short term physiological change to help meet the energy demands of exercise
  • Body’s respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular systems go through series of changes to meet the new energy requirements
2
Q

Respiratory responses

A
  • When exercise starts, the respiratory system aims to increase the volume of oxygen intake at the lungs
3
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • The lungs and airways responsible for taking in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide
4
Q

Summary of respiratory responses

A
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Increased ventilation
  • Increased tidal volume
  • Increased pulmonary diffusion
5
Q

Increased respiratory rate (Rf)

A
  • Number of breaths per minute
6
Q

Increased ventilation (V)

A
  • Volume of air breathed in per minute

- Rf times TV equals V

7
Q

Increased tidal volume (TV)

A
  • Volume of air breathed per breath
8
Q

Increased pulmonary diffusion

A
  • The gas exchange of gas transferred from the alveoli (lungs) to the capillary (blood) and vice versa
  • An increased activation of alveoli results in more sites being available for gas exchange
  • More sites for gas exchange, more pulmonary diffusion= increased levels of oxygen intake
9
Q

Cardiovascular responses

A
  • When exercises starts, the aim of the cardiovascular system is to increase the volume of oxygenated blood delivered to the working muscles
10
Q

Cardiovascular system

A
  • The heart, blood vessels and the blood itself which word, together to maintain blood flow to all parts of the body to allow it to survive
11
Q

Summary of cardiovascular system

A
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased stroke volume
  • Increased cardiac output
  • Increased systolic blood pressure
  • Redistribution of blood flow
  • Increased venous return
  • Increased a-VO2 difference
  • Decreased blood volume
12
Q

Increased heart rate (HR)

A
  • Number of beats per minute
13
Q

Increased stroke volume (SV)

A
  • Volume of blood pumped per beat of the heart
14
Q

Increased cardiac output (Q)

A
  • Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

- HR times SV equals Q

15
Q

Increased systolic blood pressure

A
  • The pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial walls when the heart contracts
16
Q

Redistribution of blood flow

A
  • Altering the percentage of cardiac output distributed around the body
  • Vasodilation to the working muscles to increase blood flow
  • Vasoconstriction to the inactive areas of the body to reduce blood flow (liver, kidneys etc)
17
Q

Increased venous return

A
  • The blood returning to the heart via the venous system (veins)
18
Q

Increased a-VO2 difference

A
  • The difference in concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood and the venous blood
  • Increased at different intensities, more oxygenated blood, more oxygen uptake in muscle, more less oxygen concentrated blood leaving muscle= higher a-VO2 difference
19
Q

Decreased blood volume

A
  • Total quantity of blood in the body (plasma and cellular)
  • Decreasing body temp by cooling the body down via sweating means losing water component of blood
  • Means reducing blood volume in the body and restricting blood flow
20
Q

Summary of muscular responses

A
  • Increased motor unit recruitment
  • Increased body temperature
  • Increased oxygen uptake and consumption (VO2)
  • Decreased energy substrate stores
  • Increased metabolic by-products
21
Q

Increased motor unit recruitment

A
  • The number and frequency of motor units recruited for muscle
  • Increase in force production occurs either :
    • increase in the number of motor units stimulated
    • increase in the frequency of messages arrive to motor unit
22
Q

Increased muscle temperature

A
  • The degree or intensity of heat present in the muscles
  • During warm up, increasing muscle temp helps:
    • increase muscle elasticity
    • increase flexibility
    • reduce risk of injury
  • During prolonged exercise, heat can become a fatigue factor (aerobic system), blood is redistributed to skin to cool off (sweat)
23
Q

Increased oxygen uptake and consumption (VO2)

A
  • Volume of oxygen that can be taken up and used by the body
24
Q

Decrease energy substrate stores

A
  • All available fuel sources within the muscle decrease when exercise is undertaken
  • Duration and intensity of exercise determine the fuels and fibres used
  • ATP, CP, Glycogen, Triglycerides
25
Q

Increased metabolic by-products

A
  • Lactate is produced at rest and during exercise
  • Able to remove lactate through oxidisation to convert it to glucose or glycogen
  • Stays balance between lactate appearance and removal depending on duration and intensity of exercise
  • If lactate exceeds LIP, production of blood lactate increases
  • Can manage it better with endurance training