AOS2: health status overtime Flashcards

Question

biomedical approach definition

Answer 1

focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness: a medical model practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease

Answer 2

- relies on technology to diagnose, treat and cure - focuses on individuals who are ill - quick fix approach - concerned with disease, illness and disability relies on services provided by doctors, specialists and hospitals - physical and biological aspects of disease/illness - works to return an individual to their pre-illness state of h+w

Answer 3

- robotic surgery: improved accuracy - transplants - x-rays, CT, MRI

Answer 4

- funding brings out improvements in technology and research - it enables many conditions and illnesses to be effectively treated (developments in medicines) - it extends life expectancy (causes of death from the past can be treated) - improves quality of life and HALE (chronic conditions can be managed with medication, therapy, surgery, reducing pain and suffering)

Answer 5

- it relies on professional health workers and technology which is expensive - it doesn't always promote good h+w - not every condition can be treated - it is not always affordable

Answer 6

an approach that recognises improvements in h+w can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health

Answer 7

- promotes good h+w and assists in preventing disease - takes a more holistic approach to h+w - less expensive than the biomedical approach - It focuses on vulnerable population groups - education can be passed on from generation to generation - the responsibility for h+w is shared

Answer 8

- not every illness or condition can be prevented (genetic conditions) - it does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge (focuses on broader determinants of h+w) - it does not address the h+w concerns of individuals - health promotion messages may be ignored

Answer 9

reflects the social model of health and provides five action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health outcomes

Answer 10

- build healthy public policy - create supportive environments - strengthen community action - develop personal skills - reorient health services

Answer 11

Bad Cats Smell Dead Rats

Answer 12

relates directly to the decisions made by government/organisations regarding laws and policies that prevent people from undertaking unhealthy behaviours

Answer 13

laws stating you can't drink alcohol until you're 18

Answer 14

recognises the impact that broader determinants have on h+w and health status - aims to promote healthy physical and sociocultural environment

Answer 15

safe working environments

Answer 16

focuses on nulling links between individuals and the community and centres around the community working together to achieve a common goal - gives the community a sense of ownership

Answer 17

immunisation strategies

Answer 18

involves education like gaining health knowledge (health literacy) to make decisions to promote h+w

Answer 19

cooking classes

Answer 20

refers to changing the health system to promote h+w rather than just diagnosing and treating illness - shift towards health promotion where the doctor is the educator

Answer 21

doctor discusses how to eat healthy rather than just giving medication to fix CVD

Answer 22

to create conditions that encourage healthier lives and prevent ill health

Answer 23

- they contribute to Australia's BOD - they are costly (healthcare) - associated with social impacts - have modifiable components

Answer 24

- funded by the victorian government - aims to decrease the use of vapes and cigarettes by assisting individuals to quit and preventing the uptake of these behaviours - advisers can link callers up with local support groups - Quitline specialists provide callers with a plan for quitting tailored to the individual as well as information - Quitline is available at the cost of a phone call - quit has worked with state and federal government to implement things such as health warnings on packages and tobacco warnings advertised

Answer 25

- quit undertakes research and provides advice to the state to build healthy public policy by creating laws - quit provides advice to the federal government to inform the development policies

Answer 26

- provides support throughout the quitting process

Answer 27

quit is funded by the Victorian Government and Vichealth

Answer 28

- provides info regarding tobacco use and the benefits of not using it - achieved through public education (media) - provides advice, support, resources, info, strategies and reasons to quit

Answer 29

provides a free online learning training program for health professionals

Answer 30

- decrease in the prevalence of smoking-related conditions such as cancer, CVD and respiratory issues - reduction in premature death from smoking-related diseases, increasing life expectancy - lower morbidity rates from back pain - reduced YLD from asthma in young people - reduced incidence of low-birth weight babes, contributing to lower infant and U5MR

Answer 31

reduced rates of smoking, increases fitness, promoting physical h+w

Answer 32

greater immune system functioning, resulting in lower levels of infectious disease, meaning people can continue to work towards their life purpose, promoting spiritual h+w

Answer 33

lower levels of disease reduce levels of stress/anxiety as less people will develop life-threatening diseases, promoting mental h+w

Answer 34

lower levels of disease allow people to stay socially connected, increasing social h+w

Answer 35

if people don't have conditions such as cancer, they are able to think clearly, allowing people to respond accurately to emotions, promoting emotional h+w

Answer 36

- an initiative of cancer council Victoria - a world leader in skin cancer prevention - uses paid and unpaid strategies - launched in 1988 - "slip, slop, slap, seek, slide'

Answer 37

sunsmart has developed a range of healthy public policies that can be adapted to individuals, childcare centres, kindergartens, schools and workplaces

Answer 38

improving environmental protection strategies, such as providing info on options for shade and promoting the SunSmart UV app

Answer 39

assists organisations in implementing sun safety measures to protect their members

Answer 40

- mass advertising campaigns - encourages sunsmart education within schools curriculums

Answer 41

- providing support for community health workers, general practitioners and local governments in promoting awareness of UV exposure and early detection of skin cancer - sunsmart provides advice on strategy development, research available to health professionals, advertising and education materials available to health professionals

Answer 42

- reducing UV exposure acts to reduce the incidence of skin cancer - reducing rates of melanoma can reduce the number of premature deaths that this condition causes, increasing HALE and life expectancy - reducing skin cancer rates means that fewer people will have to undergo surgery, reducing YLD

Answer 43

lower levels of UV exposure means fewer people will develop skin cancer, meaning less people living with disease, promoting physical h+w

Answer 44

skin cancer surgery can be disfiguring because large amounts of tissue may be removed, so reducing UV exposure means less cases of this, improving self-esteem as a result of no changes in appearance, promoting social h+W

Answer 45

reducing rates of skin cancer means fewer people will die from this disease, reducing levels of grief within the community and promoting emotional h+w

Answer 46

the Victorian government's initiatives and efforts to reduce road deaths and injuries

Answer 47

new laws and penalties will be developed to remove risk-takers from the roads swiftly

Answer 48

- the Victorian government is investing money into Ai-enabled cameras that can detect illegal mobile phone use, no seatbelts - new laws and penalties to remove risk-takers from the roads which creates supportive environments for other road users

Answer 49

acknowledges that road safety is complex and that it takes a collective response by government agencies, industry partners and the community to deliver safer roads

Answer 50

- supporting drivers to better understand the safest vehicle options, maximising the benefits of the most advanced life saving strategies - education initiatives that provide education to school students

Answer 51

- safer roads means fewer car crashes, reducing the incidence of injuries - less road trauma means fewer deaths, contributing to higher life expectancy - reducing the number of permanent disabilities caused by road trauma acts to reduce YLD

Answer 52

less road trauma means people are less likely to be injured, allowing their body systems to function more effectively, promoting physical h+w

Answer 53

fewer deaths on the road contributes to lower levels of grief in the community, promoting emotional h+w

Answer 54

if people are not injured due to road incidents, they are able to continue spending time with friends, increasing social h+w

Answer 55

- run by the alcohol and drug foundation - provides sports clubs with free tools, resources and support to reduce the negative impacts of alcohol misuse - helps clubs prepare for potential drug related issues by assisting in the development and implementation of illegal drug policies in the form of information and expert advice involved both parents and clubs to reduce players exposure to alcohol and drugs to create a positive playing environment - promotes healthy and inclusive conversations around mental health

Answer 56

provides sports clubs with free tools, resources and practical support

Answer 57

the program moves away from an alcohol centred culture by promoting healthier, safer and a more family-friendly environment for sporting clubs

Answer 58

program involved both parents and clubs to reduce junior players exposure to alcohol, creating positive plying environments and equipping older players to act as role models

Answer 59

program promotes positive behaviours around alcohol and fosters a safe, supportive atmosphere, providing young club members with decision-making skills, reducing potential harms from alcohol

Answer 60

increased access to health professionals before mental health issues escalate

Answer 61

- by reducing the risk of members driving under the influence of alcohol, mortality rates due to road trauma decrease - reducing the consumption of alcohol may decrease the incidence of alcohol-related conditions (cirrhosis) - less alcohol consumption, allows decrease of YLD of depression and anxiety - reducing alcohol consumption may mean fewer women drink while pregnant, decreasing the incidence of FASD - reducing exposure to tobacco smoke can reduce morbidity due to asthma by decreasing the risk of asthma attacks

Answer 62

members and volunteers are able to participate knowing its a safe environment to socialise, promoting social h+w

Answer 63

parents are likely to experience better mental h+w knowing their children can enjoy sport in a safe environment, reducing levels of stress and anxiety

Answer 64

increasing connections to sporting clubs can provide members with a sense of connection to their world, promoting spiritual h+w

Answer 65

increasing participation in regular physical activity can assist in maintaining. a healthy body weight, promoting physical h+w

Answer 66

strong support networks can assist individuals in working through their challenges in life, promoting resilience, and therefore, emotional h+w

Answer 67

- works to help people eat well, be physically active and avoid excess weight gain - provides fact sheets and a hang of health recipes for free - advocates for less promotion of junk food, better access to healthy food, improved food labelling and infrastructure, and policies to ensure people are more active - provide professional development for health professionals - develops policies that workplaces can use - eating and physical activity (traffic light system)

Answer 68

- develops healthy public policies that workplaces can use to promote healthy eating and physical activity - traffic light system, provides a touch guide aiming to encourage people to eat healthy

Answer 69

advocating fort less promotion of junk food, better access to healthy food for all, improved food labelling and infrastructure and policies to empower people to be more active

Answer 70

works with retailers, uni's, community organisations and governments to make sure eating healthy is easy

Answer 71

provides fact sheets and a range of healthy recipes for free

Answer 72

providing professional. development opportunities for health professionals

Answer 73

- reducing rates of obesity can contribute to lower incidence of related conditions (arthritis, depression, type 2 diabetes) - reducing levels of obesity in the community means that less people will die prematurely from heart attacks, stroke, decreasing mortality rates

Answer 74

reducing rates of obesity means that people have more energy, promoting physical h+w

Answer 75

overweight/obesity can cause people to feel self-conscious, so reducing these conditions can allow for higher levels of self-esteem, promoting mental h+w

Answer 76

when people have a healthy bodyweight they are more likely to participate in social activities, promoting social h+w

Answer 77

relates to fairness within society

Answer 78

- human rights: freedoms and conditions that every person is entitled to regardless of personal characteristics - access: all people must have adequate access to the resources they need (food, water, shelter, education) - participation: everyone can participate in the community - equity: disadvantaged individuals and groups need to have challenges addressed so they can achieve the same level of h+w as others in the population

Answer 79

- closing the gap - deadly choices

Answer 80

- the goal is to improve the health and life expectancy of ATSIP so they are as healthy as the rest of the population - represents a healthy public policy - targets are related to improving health outcomes, educational attainment, employment/housing, out-of-home care, violence, suicide, legal rights regarding land and water

Answer 81

advocates for change and implementation policies that support ATSIP, such as increasing funding to ensure they have access to things

Answer 82

allowing ATSIP people to access healthcare - improves h+w

Answer 83

government works with alcohol and drug treatment in ATSIP communities

Answer 84

provides cultural awareness training for medical workforce (how different foods affect h+w)

Answer 85

program ran by ATSIP to prevent rather than treat conditions

Answer 86

- works to encourage and empower ATSIP to make healthy choices - the initiative provides a range of education programs (tobacco, cessation programs, cooking programs) - culturally appropriate healthcare increases the rate that ATSIP can access healthcare - provides access to education and healthcare and promote equality (social justice)

Answer 87

empowers ATSIP to provide health services managed by community

Answer 88

provides a range of education programs (tobacco cessation and cooking)

Answer 89

encourages people to access their local community controlled health service and complete an annual health check

Answer 90

1. ease of understanding 2. access 3. inclusiveness 4. relevance 5. effectiveness 6. sustainability

Answer 91

- are intended to be used by health professionals, educators, industry bodies and others interested in promoting healthy eating - aimed at all people in the general healthy population, including those with common diet-related risk factors, but not for those with serious medical conditions

Answer 92

- develop healthy dietary patterns which promote h+w in the community - reduce the risk of developing a range of diet-related conditions - reduce the risk of developing chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes

Answer 93

to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight, be physically active and choose amount of nutrias food and drinks to meet you energy needs - children should do this so they develop properly - elders should do this to maintain strength and healthy weight

Answer 94

- being overweight or underweight carries health risks which can reduce life expectancy (blood pressure, hear disease, stroke) - overweight people, can face social discrimination, low self-esteem, poor body image and depression, impacting mental and social h+w - overweight children tend to become overweight adults

Answer 95

enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from five food groups every day - (fruit/veggies, grain, lean meats and fish, milk/yoghurt/cheese, water)

Answer 96

- current consumption patterns still contribute to obesity and an increased risk of chronic disease - eating a variety of nutritious foods can protect our bodies from chronic disease and increase quality of life - Australian tap water helps develop strong bones and teeth

Answer 97

limit intake of foods including saturated fat, added salt, sugars and alcohol - low fat diets are not suitable for children under 2 - replace high fat foods which contain foods with saturated fats with foods containing poly and mono fats

Answer 98

encourage, support and promote breastfeeding - important for the growth and development of the baby in the first 6 months of life - breastfeeding should be exclusive during this time

Answer 99

- breast milk is ideal for infant growth and development - provides nutrients - breast feeding can help in recovery for the mother and help them return to their pre pregnancy weight and reduce the risk of some cancers

Answer 100

care for you food; prepare and store it safely - food should be stored, prepared and cooked safely otherwise it can be poison

Answer 101

more than 5 million food poisoning cases occur in Australia every year

Answer 102

- guidelines are free to access - provide advice for people with different needs (language) - available in accessible format - the number of serves recommended for specific people - if people follow the guidelines and eat nutritious food, energy dense food intake will decrease, addressing obesity

Answer 103

- are written and may be difficult for people with low literacy levels to understand - only available in English, difficult for non-english speakers - based on the requirements of the average person meaning they might not be appropriate for all people

Answer 104

- visual tool that reflects the ADGs - developed by the Australian Government Eat for health program - encompasses both guideline 2 and 3 - 5 wedges represent the 5 food groups

Answer 105

1. grain foods 2. vegetables and legumes/beans 3. meats and meat alternatives 4. fruit 5. milk and other dairy products or alternatives

Answer 106

- bread, cereal, rice, pasta - should account for around 30-35% of daily food intake - high in carbs which provide energy - high in fibre which assists with weight management

Answer 107

- make up the second biggest section and should account for around 30% of daily food intake - fresh, frozen and tinned vegetables, legumes such as lentils and chickpeas, and beans such as kidney beans - rich in carbs, fibre, protein and antioxidants which promote optimal h+w

Answer 108

- should account for around 15% of daily food intake - provide protein for maintenance of cells and tissues and the provision of energy

Answer 109

- contains vitamins and minerals for optimal h+w - contains carbs which can cause weight gain if not used for energy - should make up to 10-12% of daily food intake

Answer 110

- should account for 10-12% of daily food intake - rich in calcium which help optimal bone health

Answer 111

- shows 5 food groups and proportions - promotes water consumption - suggests to limit discretionary foods - recommends to include small amount of healthier fats

Answer 112

includes traditional foods like kangaroo, damper, goanna, crab, bush fruits/veggies

Answer 113

- translated into more than 10 languages - applies to people of all ages - provide a visual of guidelines 2 and 3, making it easier to follow and understand - based on scientific research - a range of foods from different cultures, assisting in different groups improving food intake

Answer 114

- show proportions but not serving sizes or numbers, meaning many people may consume too much or not enough food - does not make provisions for composite foods such as pizza, making them difficult to follow - does not provide specific advice for people with dietary conditions or needs

Answer 115

- personal factors - sociocultural factors - environmental factors

Answer 116

- willpower and taste preferences - attitudes and beliefs - h+w factors

Answer 117

- most people prefer certain foods over others due to taste preference and past experiences - foods high in fat, salt and sugar are known as flavour enhancers as they stimulate the taste buds and the brains reward system by releasing dopamine

Answer 118

- perceptions that healthy foods are bland or tasteless - ignoring the potential negative effects of unhealthy foods - philosophical beliefs such as vegetarian - restricting certain foods which leads to underconsumption of certain nutrients

Answer 119

- food allergies - people with poor mental h+w may eat certain foods to trigger the release of dopamine as a coping mechanism

Answer 120

- socioeconomic factors - employment status - family and peer group - commercial factors

Answer 121

- lack of nutritional knowledge and cooking skills leading people to consuming unhealthy meals - lack of education can lead to people not being able to accurately assess their current food intake - difficulty in reading food labels and lack of understanding portion size

Answer 122

- convince foods are often consumed when people don't have time to purchase fresh ingredients

Answer 123

- cultural and religious background may include ties to traditional foods - familiarity with specific foods can make it difficult to change to different foods - people that others are around can influence the food they consume

Answer 124

relate to the impact that the private sector has on h+w

Answer 125

relate to the process that all foods go through when they are produced and consumed

Answer 126

prices are influenced by factors such as the wholesale price, transport, storage and staffing costs - cost of nutritious foods is higher

Answer 127

manufacturers are able to include additives to products for purposes such as enhancing flavour - are able to include additives

Answer 128

often used as a marketing tool which may appeal people if they are drawn to specific visual items - a product may be labelled as fat free

Answer 129

companies often lobby governments in relation to issues such as trade agreements, marketing of fair foods and the introduction of health promotion interventions such as sugar tax on energy dense foods

Answer 130

food industry markets goods in lots of ways such as ads, using celebs, sponsorships - can create a conflicting message, affecting their ability to choose healthy foods

Answer 131

- geographic location - workplaces - housing environment - transport

Answer 132

- for people who live outside major cities, food options may be more limited - living closer to fast food venues may increase the likelihood of these foods being consumed

Answer 133

- some workplaces provide oppurtunities for employees to access food - hospitality staff are often provided food during breaks - workplaces that do not have access to cooking facilities decrease the types of foods that employees can prepare themselves

Answer 134

- meals are often consumed in homes and the facilities in the house influence the options available - lack of access to thee facilities impacts the manner in which people store and prepare food

Answer 135

- many people require transport to access food in their neighbourhood - lack of transport can mean that people must rely on foods close to they home or that can be delivered

AOS2: health status overtime Flashcards

(159 cards)