AOS2 U3 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the 6 phonological patterns
1) alliteration
2) assonance
3) consonance
4) onomatopoeia
5)rhythm
6)rhyme
What are the three morphological patterns
1) afflixation
2) derivational morphemes
3) inflectional morphemes
What are the 4 types of nouns
1) common nouns - non-specific person, place or thing
- concrete/ abstract
- non-count/ count
2) proper nous
3) collective nouns - refer to a groups of things
4) plural nouns - can be made plural
What are the 3 types of adjectives and what they are
1) attributive - before the noun
2) predicative - after the verb
3) degree - positive/comparative/superlative
What are the types of verbs and their definitions
1) regular - past tense has -ed
2) irregular - past tense in other ways
E.g swim —> swam
What are the auxiliary verbs
1) modal verbs
2) to be — am, is are, was, were , been, will be
3) to do — does, do, did, will do
4) to have — has, have, had, having, will have
What are modal verbs
- type of auxiliary verb
- effect: carry info such as ability, permission, likelihood and obligation
What are 5 types of determiners
1) articles
- definite/ indefinite
2) quantifier — specify quantity e.g a lot, most
3) demonstrative — provide info about proximity e.g this, that
4) numbers
- cardinal - quantity
- ordinal - order/rank
5) possessive determiner e.g my, you, her
What are the 5 types of pronouns
1) subject - replaces a noun/noun phrase in subject position
2) object - replaces object
3) possessive
4) reflexive - when subject = person receiving action e.g myself, yourself
5) demonstrative — highlight something previous mentioned e.g this, that
What is the effect of using conjunctions
- enhance cohesion and fluency
- reduce repetition
- condense info
- can produce a cause and effect relationship -
What are the 4 types of modifiers
1) auxiliary verbs
2) modal verbs
3) prepositions
4) adverbs
What is the predicate
- part of the sentence that informs us about wha the subject is doing
- everythng excluding the subject
1) predicator - verb and modifiers
2) rest of predicate - object, compliments, adverbials
Complements vs adverbials
- adverbials provide additional information
- complements don’t make sense when removed
What are the effects of a compound sentence
- dense packed info
- equal weight and importance of info
- provide emphasis on message
What are some effects of nominalisation
- focus on abstract/ concept/ actions
- removes feeling/ depersonalise
- heighten officially and authority
- allow discussion of abstract concepts
Syntactic patterning
- listing
- antithesis
- paralellism
What is the effect of parallelism
- improve memorability and predictability
- create sense of balance and rhythm
- enables development of ideas
What is the effect of antithesis
- contrast between two things
- need to be next to each other
What are the purposes of formal language
- establish expertise
- manipulate
- obfuscating
- build rapport
- build social harmony
-provide clarity
What are euphemisms
Def: mild expression which substitutes for one’s thoughts to be overly unpleasant or harsh
What are the roles of euphemism
1) negotiate taboos - avoid causing offence, promote social harmony
2) avoid the confronting turhth
3) manipulate
4) WHEN MISUSED, undermines importance
5) distortion/misrepresentation of reality
What are the roles of NDL
1) rectify social injustices
2) confront prejudice in our society
3) promote social harmony —> meet PFN and NFN
4) brings people unconscious biase into conscious awareness
What is an anaphoric reference?
It comes AFTER the subject
E.g
What are the 6 factors included under cohesion
1) lexical choices - synonym, collocation
2) informational flow
3) diectics
4) repetition
5) substitution, referencing
5) conjunctions and adverbials
